ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2020
Chlorin A-mediated photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells via impaired autophagy flux.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Natural Photosensitizers in Cancer Therapy: A Chemo-Biodiversity Perspective on Light-Activated Natural Compounds.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Review
- Microalgae as a Source of Photosensitizers: Analytical Strategies and Biomedical Use in Photodynamic Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated programmed cell death in the tumor microenvironment.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- 2D and 3D in vitro photodynamic activities of tetra-substituted symmetric water-soluble cationic zinc(II) phthalocyanines on cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review about roles and regulatory mechanisms.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Insights into Cellular and Molecular Pathways.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis and suppresses the migration of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- GSK2606414 Sensitizes ABCG2-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Drugs.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Promising Highly Targeted Therapies for Cholangiocarcinoma: A Review and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2023Review
- Programmed Cell Death Pathways in Cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities for Targeted Therapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Cancers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Selecting an Appropriate Experimental Animal Model for Cholangiocarcinoma Research.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in Photodynamic Imaging and Therapy in Hepatobiliary Malignancies: Clinical and Experimental Aspects.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for multiple cancers. Chlorin e6 and its derivative 13
methodsCell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK8 assay, TUNEL assay, and Annexin V/PI staining. The expression levels of different proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The crosstalk between autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and mitochondrial dysfunction was investigated using reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, and mitochondrial stabilizer elamipretide. Furthermore, the extent of ROS production, lysosomal damage, autophagy flux, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were tracked using established probes. An
resultsChlorin A-PDT decreased the viability of CCA cells and induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, Chlorin A-PDT promoted autophagy via activation of ROS-induced ERS-related PERK/p-eif2α/CHOP axis, and blocked the ensuing autophagy flux by lysosomal damage. The PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 and NAC alleviated apoptosis and autophagy induced by Chlorin A-PDT. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction aggravated ERS, and stabilizing the mitochondria reduced both apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, Chlorin A-PDT significantly reduced tumor growth
conclusionsChlorin A-PDT induced apoptosis in CCA cells by initiating autophagy and impaired the autophagy flux via ROS-mediated ERS and lysosomal damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33042407PMC7540121What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.