ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
COVID-19: Infection or Autoimmunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shared inflammatory pathways and therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 and cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies in COVID-19 patients: a remarkable 2.5-fold rise compared to healthy controls.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Increased prevalence of erythema multiforme in patients with COVID-19 infection or vaccination.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of thymus induces loss of function that correlates with disease severity.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology.Vaccines · 2023Review
- The second decade of anti-TNF-a therapy in clinical practice: new lessons and future directions in the COVID-19 era.Rheumatology international · 2022Review
- Erythema Multiforme as Early Manifestation of COVID-19: A Case Report.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Should we expect a wave of type 1 diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and human retroelements: a case for molecular mimicry?BMC genomic data · 2022Article
- Psychological Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Insights into Pathophysiology and Risk Factors of Long COVID-19.Biology · 2022Review
- Coronavirus Disease-2019 and Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the Heart Failure Society of America.Journal of cardiac failure · 2022Article
- Autoimmune complications of COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Severe Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated with COVID-19 in a Pediatric Patient.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Article
- A novel hypothesis for COVID-19 pathogenesis: Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder.Cellular signalling · 2021Article
- Article
- Myasthenia gravis and COVID-19: A case series and comparison with literature.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2021Article
- Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Coronavirus Spike: ACE2 Protein-Protein Interaction as Blockers of Viral Attachment and Entry for SARS-CoV-2.ACS infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 are reviewed with attention to the immunologic manifestations of the disease. Recent COVID-19 publications describe a variety of clinical presentations including an asymptomatic state, pneumonia, a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis like syndrome, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) but, also called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-Toxic Shock (PIMS-TS), Kawasaki Disease, and myocarditis. A common theme amongst multiple reports suggests an overexuberant autoimmune component of the disease but a common pathophysiology to explain the variations in clinical presentation has been elusive. Review of the basic science of other viral induced autoimmune disorders may give clues as to why immunosuppressive and immunomodulating regimens now appear to have some efficacy in COVID-19. Review of the immunopathology also reveals other therapies that have yet to be explored. There is potential use of T cell depleting therapies and possibly anti-CD20 therapy for COVID-19 and clinical research using these medications is warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.