ArticleEnvironment, development and sustainability2021
A global analysis on the effect of temperature, socio-economic and environmental factors on the spread and mortality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Environment, development and sustainability, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 vaccination and mortality: a cross-national path analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and its association with meteorological, climate, and environmental factors: A systematic review.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- Investigation of influential environmental and climatic determinants on COVID-19 spread in India to formulate a sustainable pandemic response.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Alleviation of heavy metals chromium, cadmium and lead and plant growth promotion in Vigna radiata L. plant using isolated Pseudomonas geniculata.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- An overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and engineering strategies to mitigate risk.Journal of building engineering · 2023Review
- Seasonal correlation of meteorological parameters and PMInternational journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2023Article
- Article
- Spatial shifting of COVID-19 clusters and disease association with environmental parameters in India: A time series analysis.Environmental research · 2023Article
- How Antimicrobial Resistance Is Linked to Climate Change: An Overview of Two Intertwined Global Challenges.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of Omicron infection in a general hospital in Guangzhou: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Flow and access: Driving forces of COVID-19 spreading in the first stage around Hubei, China.PloS one · 2023Article
- Effects of social factors on the COVID-19 cases and its evolution in Hubei, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Population flow based spatial-temporal eigenvector filtering modeling for exploring effects of health risk factors on COVID-19.Sustainable cities and society · 2022Article
- Socio-economic and environmental factors in the global spread of COVID-19 outbreak.Research in economics = Ricerche economiche · 2022Article
- Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic prevalence in Africa through optimal feature selection and clustering: evidence from a statistical perspective.Environment, development and sustainability · 2022Article
- Assessing temporal correlation in environmental risk factors to design efficient area-specific COVID-19 regulations: Delhi based case study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Understanding the spatial diffusion dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the city system in China.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- A narrative review on the role of temperature and humidity in COVID-19: Transmission, persistence, and epidemiological evidence.Eco-Environment & Health · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We performed a global analysis with data from 149 countries to test whether temperature can explain the spatial variability of the spread rate and mortality of COVID-19 at the global scale. We performed partial correlation analysis and linear mixed effect modelling to evaluate the association of the spread rate and motility of COVID-19 with maximum, minimum, average temperatures and diurnal temperature variation (difference between daytime maximum and night-time minimum temperature) and other environmental and socio-economic parameters. After controlling the effect of the duration since the first positive case, partial correlation analysis revealed that temperature was not related with the spatial variability of the spread rate of COVID-19 at the global scale. Mortality was negatively related with temperature in the countries with high-income economies. In contrast, diurnal temperature variation was significantly and positively correlated with mortality in the low- and middle-income countries. Taking the country heterogeneity into account, mixed effect modelling revealed that inclusion of temperature as a fixed factor in the model significantly improved model skill predicting mortality in the low- and middle-income countries. Our analysis suggests that warm climate may reduce the mortality rate in high-income economies, but in low- and middle-income countries, high diurnal temperature variation may increase the mortality risk.
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