ArticleBMJ open2020
Availability of equipment and medications for non-communicable diseases and injuries at public first-referral level hospitals: a cross-sectional analysis of service provision assessments in eight low-income countries.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The availability, cost, and affordability of essential medicines for asthma and COPD in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Pooled it
- Satisfaction with clinical practice environments among early-career health professionals in South Africa: findings from the WiSDOM cohort study.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2026Article
- Measures to monitor the implementation of Essential Health Benefit Packages at a national scale.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Understanding the role of 'software' in health system capacity for non-communicable disease response: hypertension care in rural Coastal Kenya.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Service availability and readiness for diabetes and hypertension care among health facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Implementation of the World Health Organization's Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions: an overview of reviews.Public health reviews · 2026Review
- The triple burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis of essential medicine availability, price, and affordability across Ethiopian health facilities.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Review
- Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: a scoping review of challenges and opportunities.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Models of care for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- The burden of rheumatic heart disease and issues affecting the provision of care in Malawi: A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Facility readiness for decentralized Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions-Plus (PEN-Plus) care in nine lower-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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- Organization of services for severe chronic Noncommunicable diseases at first-level hospitals in nine lower-income countries: Results from a Baseline assessment of PEN-Plus initiation.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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- Patient and provider perspectives on barriers to myocardial infarction care among persons with human immunodeficiency virus in Tanzania: A qualitative study.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2024Article
- Decentralization and Integration of Advanced Cardiac Care for the World's Poorest Billion Through the PEN-Plus Strategy for Severe Chronic Non-Communicable Disease.Global heart · 2024Review
- Essential health services delivery and quality improvement actions under drought and food insecurity emergency in north-east Uganda.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Article
- Living with type 1 diabetes in Neno, Malawi: a qualitative study of self-management and experiences in care.BMC health services research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CONTEXT AND
objectivesNon-communicable diseases and injuries (NCDIs) comprise a large share of mortality and morbidity in low-income countries (LICs), many of which occur earlier in life and with greater severity than in higher income settings. Our objective was to assess availability of essential equipment and medications required for a broad range of acute and chronic NCDI conditions.
designSecondary analysis of existing cross-sectional survey data.
settingWe used data from Service Provision Assessment surveys in Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Malawi, Nepal, Senegal and Tanzania, focusing on public first-referral level hospitals in each country. OUTCOME MEASURES: We defined sets of equipment and medications required for diagnosis and management of four acute and nine chronic NCDI conditions and determined availability of these items at the health facilities.
resultsOverall, 797 hospitals were included. Medication and equipment availability was highest for acute epilepsy (country estimates ranging from 40% to 95%) and stage 1-2 hypertension (28%-83%). Availability was low for type 1 diabetes (1%-70%), type 2 diabetes (3%-57%), asthma (0%-7%) and acute presentations of diabetes (0%-26%) and asthma (0%-4%). Few hospitals had equipment or medications for heart failure (0%-32%), rheumatic heart disease (0%-23%), hypertensive emergencies (0%-64%) or acute minor surgical conditions (0%-5%). Data for chronic pain were limited to only two countries. Availability of essential medications and equipment was lower than previous facility-reported service availability.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate low availability of essential equipment and medications for diverse NCDIs at first-referral level hospitals in eight LICs. There is a need for decentralisation and integration of NCDI services in existing care platforms and improved assessment and monitoring to fully achieve universal health coverage.
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