Observational studyInternational immunopharmacology2020
Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.
Observational study in International immunopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Complement C3 and C4 and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression.Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- Complement Overactivation and Consumption Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- C3 as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a large cohort study in China.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Aggravates Complement Dysregulation and Affects Cortisol Response in Patients with Post-COVID-19.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Epidemiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Quanzhou, Fujian province: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association of Serum Complement C3 Levels with Severity and Mortality in COVID 19.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2023Article
- Complement and COVID-19: Three years on, what we know, what we don't know, and what we ought to know.Immunobiology · 2023Review
- Circulating Peptidome Is Strongly Altered in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics of patients infected with novel coronavirus wild strain, Delta variant strain and Omicron variant strain in Quanzhou: A real‑world study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury-Lessons Taken from COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Contribution of Coronavirus-Specific Immunoglobulin G Responses to Complement Overactivation in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Complement-mediated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19: A review.World journal of experimental medicine · 2022Review
- COVID-19 disease and autoimmune disorders: A mutual pathway.World journal of methodology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 associated coagulopathy: Mechanisms and host-directed treatment.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2022Review
- Plasma proteomic and metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 survivors 6 months after discharge.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants: A focus on severity, susceptibility, and preexisting immunity.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Review
- Association of Complement C3 with Clinical Deterioration Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- The autoimmune signature of hyperinflammatory multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Coronavirus infection: An immunologists' perspective.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo describe the humoral immune feature of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
methodsThe levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), complement (C3, C4) results were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to explore the risk factors associated with the in-hospital death.
resultA total of 236 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 169 were transferred to another institution or discharged (survival group) and 67 died in hospital (non-survival group). Compared with survivors, the levels of IgA and IgE in non-survivors increased significantly, and level of complement C3 decreased. Non-survivors also showed higher incidence of chest tightness, breath shortness and dyspnoea; higher levels of inflammatory indicators, leukocytes and neutrophils; and low levels of lymphocyte subsets. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (HR: 1.099; 95%CI: 1.057-1.143; p < 0.0001), d-dimer greater (HR: 1.294; 95%CI: 1.138-1.473; p < 0.0001) and decreased complement C3 level (HR: 0.073; 95%CI: 0.007-0.722; p = 0.025) on admission. Finally, in survival COVID-19 patients whose humoral immunity was re-examined, C3 levels tended to increase, while in non-survivors it decreased.
conclusionLow level of complement C3 may be an alert to the admitted COVID-19 patients with additional management. Inhibition of the complement pathway might be an effective therapeutic to COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.