ReviewExperimental eye research2020
Inflammatory basis for dry eye disease flares.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05213156 (Concentration of Ofloxacin Into the Aqueous Humour of Patients After Topical Instillation According to the Severity of Dry Eye Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Concentration of Ofloxacin Into the Aqueous Humour of Patients After Topical Instillation According to the Severity of Dry Eye Disease
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of lacrimal gland ultrasound elastography in primary Sjögren's syndrome.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Global research hotspots and trends in anti-inflammatory studies in dry eye: a bibliometric analysis (2004-2024).Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Aqueous Humour Ofloxacin Concentration after Topical Instillation in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Trial
- The effect of 0.1% topical ciclosporin a for 12-weeks on the ocular surface innate and adaptive immune response in dry eye disease: protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- A ROS-Responsive and Mucoadhesive Thermosensitive Hydrogel Encapsulated with Mizoribine for Synergistic Dry Eye Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Micelle-Based Ocular Inserts for Sustained Delivery and Improved Corneal Permeation of Rebamipide in Dry Eye Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights Into UC-MSC Therapy in a BAC-Induced Dry Eye Model: TSG-6-Dependent Inhibition of the Th17/CCL20-CCR6 Chemotactic Axis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Ocular Surface Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Diurnal Variation, Topographical Distribution and Day-to-Day Repeatability of Ocular Surface Epithelial Immune Cells in Individuals with Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Simultaneous quantification of lifitegrast and Rebamipide in hydrogel-based contact lenses using spectroscopic method.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effects of a Novel Dexamethasone Hydrogel Drug Delivery System on Cytokine and Mucin Expression in a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Conjunctival Inflammation Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Dry Eye Disease: From Inflammation Pathways to Therapeutic Prospects.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Comparative study of the therapeutic effects of different medications on DM-associated dry eye syndrome after vitrectomy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Emerging mechanisms in dry eye disease: apoptosis-associated tear MicroRNAs and toxicant-related alterations of the glycocalyx and lipid rafts.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for dry eye disease: principles, progress, and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Differences in ocular surface parameters in patients with lacrimal duct obstruction at varying sites.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Baicalin nano-micelles for dry eye disease: LC-MS/MS method validation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preclinical models.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Upregulated miR-1298-5p sparks inflammatory onset and orchestrates pediatric dry eye disease progression.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- IFNα-IFITM1-ERK axis in corneal epithelial cell damage: implications for dry eye disease.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most patients with chronic dry eye disease (DED) have episodic flares, which can be triggered by a variety of activities and environmental stresses. These flares are typically associated with rapid exacerbation of discomfort symptoms, followed by prolonged elevation of inflammation. In an acute flare, ocular surface inflammation begins with a nonspecific innate immune response, in some cases followed by a slower but more specific adaptive immune response. At the ocular surface, epithelial cells are central to the innate immune response, and we discuss their role in DED flares alongside the other core components. Epithelial cells and other cells of the innate response (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) trigger flares in response to increased osmolarity, detected via pattern receptors on their cell surface. Ultimately, downstream signaling pathways activate innate and adaptive immune responses, with consequent inflammation and symptoms. In chronic DED, pathogenic T cells have infiltrated the ocular surface tissues. The established adaptive immune response is likely to lead to flare-ups at lower thresholds of stress, with inflammation maintained over a longer period. Increased understanding of the inflammatory cascades activated during a flare may guide management and improve outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.