Observational studyEBioMedicine2020
An observational study identifying highly tuberculosis-exposed, HIV-1-positive but persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative persons with M. tuberculosis specific antibodies in Cape Town, South Africa.
Observational study in EBioMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The diagnostic yield of brushing versus non-brushing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for Xpert MTB/RIF in patients with suspected tuberculosis: a prospective self-controlled study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis: An Ongoing Global Threat.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Airflow Determines Natural Airborne Transmission of Tuberculosis in a Guinea Pig Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A human YEATS4 variant confers resistance to TST and IGRA conversion despite Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Noncanonical T cell responses are associated with protection from tuberculosis in mice and humans.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Insights into protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: time to officially confirm another phenotype?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis resisters despite HIV exhibit activated T cells and macrophages in their pulmonary alveoli.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosolization and HIV coinfection in the index case with T cell responses in household contacts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Model systems to studyFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Household contact antigen-speciResearch square · 2024Article
- Airway microbiome signature accurately discriminatesiScience · 2024Article
- Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Associated with an Enrichment of Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria in the Stool of Women Living with HIV.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Serum cytokine biosignatures for identification of tuberculosis among HIV-positive inpatients.Thorax · 2024Article
- Capturing RecentTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Latent tuberculosis infection is associated with an enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the stool of women living with HIV.Research square · 2024Article
- Strong Effect of Demographic Changes on Tuberculosis Susceptibility in South Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and gene programs distinguish TST/IGRA sensitization outcomes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed persons living with HIV.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Genetic epidemiology of resistance to M. tuberculosis Infection: importance of study design and recent findings.Genes and immunity · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is inferred from positive results of T-cell immune conversion assays measuring Mtb-specific interferon gamma production or tuberculin skin test (TST) reactivity. Certain exposed individuals do not display T-cell immune conversion in these assays and do not develop TB. Here we report a hitherto unknown form of this phenotype: HIV-1-positive persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative (HITTIN).
methodsA community-based case-control design was used to systematically screen and identify adults living with HIV (HIV+), aged 35-60 years, who met stringent study criteria, and then longitudinally followed up for repeat IGRA and TST testing. Participants had no history of TB despite living in TB hyper-endemic environments in Cape Town, South Africa with a provincial incidence of 681/100,000. Mtb-specific antibodies were measured using ELISA and Luminex.
findingsWe identified 48/286 (17%) individuals who tested persistently negative for Mtb-specific T-cell immunoreactivity (three negative Quantiferon results and one TST = 0mm) over 206±154 days on average. Of these, 97·2% had documented CD4 counts<200 prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART). They had received ART for 7·0±3·0 years with a latest CD4 count of 505·8±191·4 cells/mm
interpretationImmune reconstituted HIV+ persons can be persistently non-immunoreactive to TST and interferon-γ T-cell responses to Mtb, yet develop species-specific antibody responses. Exposure is evidenced by Mtb-specific antibody titres. Our identification of HIV+ individuals displaying a persisting lack of response to TST and IGRA T-cell immune conversion paves the way for future studies to investigate this phenotype in the context of HIV-infection that so far have received only scant attention.
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