ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2020
Depression, Anxiety, and Lifestyle Among Essential Workers: A Web Survey From Brazil and Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mental disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia in Spain in the COVID-19 Crisis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Trial
- The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Social Care Workers.Health economics · 2026Article
- Associations of indoor musty odors with depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese older adults: a nationwide study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Mental Health of Essential Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of U.S. State-level Policies.Society and mental health · 2025Article
- Depression, anxiety, burnout, and substance use disorders among auto workers and COVID-19 as a stressor in Mexico.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- [Work, mental health, quality of life, and social support of community health agents during and after the COVID-19 pandemic under a gender perspective].Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- The longitudinal patterns of depression subtypes and stressors in depression severity in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA).Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living With Rare Diseases and Their Families: Results of a National Survey.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- COVID-19, SDGs and public health systems: Linkages in Brazil.Health policy OPEN · 2023Article
- Review
- Lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: results from three consecutive cross-sectional web surveys.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Psychological disturbances encountered by the healthcare professionals, military professionals and general public in Sri Lanka during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- The different impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of distinct health care worker categories.Journal of health psychology · 2023Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with the Lifestyle of Pediatric Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Associations of lifestyle with mental health and well-being in Chinese adults: a nationwide study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Improved lifestyle is associated with improved depression, anxiety and well-being over time in UK healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the CoPE-HCP cohort study.General psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEssential workers have been shown to present a higher prevalence of positive screenings for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals from countries with socioeconomic inequalities may be at increased risk for mental health disorders.
objectiveWe aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity among essential workers in Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA web survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in both countries. The main outcome was a positive screening for depression only, anxiety only, or both. Lifestyle was measured using a lifestyle multidimensional scale adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic (Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation-Confinement). A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and the presence of both conditions.
resultsFrom the 22,786 individuals included in the web survey, 3745 self-reported to be essential workers. Overall, 8.3% (n=311), 11.6% (n=434), and 27.4% (n=1027) presented positive screenings for depression, anxiety, and both, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multinomial model showed that an unhealthy lifestyle increased the likelihood of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.00, 95% CI 2.72-5.87), anxiety (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80-3.20), and both anxiety and depression (AOR 8.30, 95% CI 5.90-11.7). Living in Brazil was associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 2.07-4.06), anxiety (AOR 2.81, 95%CI 2.11-3.74), and both conditions (AOR 5.99, 95% CI 4.53-7.91).
conclusionsInterventions addressing lifestyle may be useful in dealing with symptoms of common mental disorders during the strain imposed among essential workers by the COVID-19 pandemic. Essential workers who live in middle-income countries with higher rates of inequality may face additional challenges. Ensuring equitable treatment and support may be an important challenge ahead, considering the possible syndemic effect of the social determinants of health.
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