ArticleRadiological physics and technology2020
Parametrization of in-air spot size as a function of energy and air gap for the ProteusPLUS pencil beam scanning proton therapy system.
Article in Radiological physics and technology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feasibility of reduced setup uncertainty in intensity-modulated proton therapy for mediastinal lymphoma.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Enhancing dose conformity in head and neck intensity-modulated proton therapy using a novel dynamic multi-leaf collimator strategy.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Partial and full arc with DynamicARC technique in pencil beam scanning proton therapy for bilateral head and neck cancer: A feasibility and dosimetric study.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025Article
- Small spot size versus large spot size: Effect on plan quality for lung cancer in pencil beam scanning proton therapy.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2022Article
- Dosimetric Comparison of Various Spot Placement Techniques in Proton Pencil Beam Scanning.International journal of particle therapy · 2022Article
- Impact of errors in spot size and spot position in robustly optimized pencil beam scanning proton-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) lung plans.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2021Article
- Investigating volumetric repainting to mitigate interplay effect on 4D robustly optimized lung cancer plans in pencil beam scanning proton therapy.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to parametrize the in-air one sigma spot size for various energies and air gaps in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. The current study included range shifters with a water equivalent thickness (WET) of 40 mm (RS40) and 75 mm (RS75). For RS40, the spot sizes were measured for energies ranging from 80 to 225 MeV in increments of 2.5 MeV, whereas the air gap was varied from 5 to 25 cm in increments of 2.5 cm. For RS75, the spot sizes were measured for energies ranging from 120 to 225 MeV in increments of 2.5 MeV, whereas the air gap was varied from 5 to 35 cm in increments of 2.5 cm. For both RS40 and RS75, all measurements (n = 1090) were acquired at the isocenter using a Lynx 2D scintillation detector. For RS40, the spot sizes increased from 3.1 mm to 10.4 mm, whereas the variation in spot sizes for RS75 ranged from 3.3 mm to 13.1 mm. For each range shifter, an analytical equation demonstrating the relationship of the spot size with the proton energy and air gap was obtained. The best parametrization results were obtained with the 3
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