SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2021
Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review on the recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus: frequency, risk factors, and possible explanations.Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their potential risk to public health - a systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical features and corresponding immune function status of recurrent viral polymerase chain reaction positivity in patients with COVID-19 : A meta- analysis and systematic review.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyPooled it
- UV-C Irradiation Effectiveness on Mpox-Virus-Contaminated Surfaces.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal qualitative study on the psychological experiences of COVID-19 patients based on timing it right framework.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Synergistic Activity of Remdesivir-Nirmatrelvir Combination on a SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro Model and a Case Report.Viruses · 2023Article
- Recurrent COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Positivity in 2 Patients During the Current Health Care System Crisis.The American journal of case reports · 2022Article
- The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2021Review
- Experimental re-infected cats do not transmit SARS-CoV-2.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Modeling the effects of preventive measures and vaccination on the COVID-19 spread in Benin Republic with optimal control.Results in physics · 2021Article
- Reinfection, reactivation or delayed complication of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection.Medicina clinica · 2021Article
- Reinfection, reactivation or delayed complication of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection.Medicina clinica (English ed.) · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: "New baseline" imaging concept in the era of COVID-19.Clinical imaging · 2021Article
- Role of Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen Detection for Safe End of Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients with Long Persistence of Viral RNA in Respiratory Samples.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2: lessons from both the history of medicine and from the biological behavior of other well-known viruses.Future microbiology · 2021Review
- Neglected roles of IgG Fc-binding protein secreted from airway mucin-producing cells in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Innate immunity · 2021Article
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection in a coronavirus disease 2019 recovered young adult: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2021Article
- Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Rituximab in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Can a patient diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) be infected again? This question is still unsolved. We tried to analyze local and literature cases with a positive respiratory swab after recovery. We collected data from symptomatic patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Italian Umbria Region that, after recovery, were again positive for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract specimens. Samples were also assessed for infectivity in vitro. A systematic review of similar cases reported in the literature was performed. The study population was composed of 9 patients during a 4-month study period. Among the new positive samples, six were inoculated in Vero-E6 cells and showed no growth and negative molecular test in culture supernatants. All patients were positive for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and/or S protein. Conducting a review of the literature, 1350 similar cases have been found. The presumptive reactivation occurred in 34.5 days on average (standard deviation, SD, 18.7 days) after COVID-19 onset, when the 5.6% of patients presented fever and the 27.6% symptoms. The outcome was favorable in 96.7% of patients, while the 1.1% of them were still hospitalized at the time of data collection and the 2.1% died. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain new positive respiratory samples after confirmed negativity. According to this study, the phenomenon seems to be due to the prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in respiratory samples of recovered patients. The failure of the virus to replicate in vitro suggests its inability to replicate in vivo.
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