Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33037561›Full record

ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2021

Effects of Phthalate Esters on Human Myometrial and Fibroid Cells: Cell Culture and NOD-SCID Mouse Data.

Hyun Jin Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Young Sang Oh, Seung-Ho Heo, Kang-Hyun Kim, Do Young Kim, Sa Ra Lee, Hee Dong Chae

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. UTERINE FIBROIDS.Physiological reviews · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Uterine Fibroids: Hiding in Plain Sight.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Research Progress of PCNA in Reproductive System Diseases.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hyun Jin KimDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kyung Hee College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Sung Hoon KimDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea. kimsung@amc.seoul.kr.ORCID 0000-0003-2567-2092
Young Sang OhDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
Seung-Ho HeoAsan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Kang-Hyun KimAsan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Do Young KimDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
Sa Ra LeeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
Hee Dong ChaeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
Ulsan College · KRKyung Hee University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evidence is growing that phthalate esters play an important role in the pathogenesis of estrogen-dependent gynecologic diseases, especially uterine fibroids. We aimed to investigate whether in vitro treatment with di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) affects angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in uterine fibroids. To ascertain this, we evaluated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and AKT/ERT phosphorylation and compared the fibroid volume between nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice fed with and without DEHP. VEGF expression was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and AKT/ERK phosphorylation was analyzed by western blot analysis in human myometrial and fibroid cells. The volume of the fibroid tissues implanted to NOD/SCID mice was measured, and the expression of collagen type I protein, Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and B cell lymphoma 2 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. We could see significant increases in VEGF expression and AKT phosphorylation in human myometrial and fibroid cells treated with DEHP. The volume of the fibroid tissues was significantly increased in NOD/SCID mice fed with DEHP, which was accompanied by increased expression of collagen type I and AKT phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to phthalate esters may influence uterine fibroid pathogenesis by increasing VEGF and collagen expression and upregulating AKT phosphorylation.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisCell ProliferationCollagen Type IDiethylhexyl PhthalateDisease ProgressionEstersExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesFemaleHumansLeiomyomaMiceMice, Inbred NODMice, SCIDMyometriumNeovascularization, PathologicCollagen Type IDiethylhexyl PhthalateEstersExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, humanMyometriumPathogenesisPhthalate estersUterine fibroids

Identifiers

PMID33037561
OpenAlexW3091992985

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.