ArticleScientific reports2020
Vitamin C-squalene bioconjugate promotes epidermal thickening and collagen production in human skin.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Oral Collagen for Skin Anti-Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- The Sustained Effects of Bioactive Collagen Peptides on Skin Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Topical delivery of l-ascorbic acid spanlastics for stability enhancement and treatment of UVB induced damaged skin.Drug delivery · 2021Trial
- Non-invasive and painless mid-infrared modulation increases collagen in human and mouse skin.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Drug Discovery Targeting Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Hearing Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic Acid-like Skin Plumping and Radiance Benefits of aMarine drugs · 2026Article
- Vitamin C Conjugates in Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Exploration with Drugs, Polymers, Proteins, and Peptides.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- A Bioengineered Skin Organoid Platform for Modeling Human Skin Physiology and Cytotoxicity.Research square · 2025Article
- Progress in the design of ascorbic acid derivative-mediated drug delivery.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Functional and molecular insights in topical wound healing by ascorbic acid.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- A Digital Image Analysis of the Morphology and Immunolocalization of Catalase and Caspase-3 in the Skin of Adult Male Rats After Treatment with Letrozole and Vitamin C.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A comparison of normalization methods for the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress in the liver of sheep.BMC genomic data · 2025Article
- The Use of Plants That Seal Blood Vessels in Preparations Applied Topically to the Skin: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nanowire-based squalene oleogel repairs skin photoaging.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Explicating the multifunctional roles of tocotrienol and squalene in promoting skin health.Skin health and disease · 2024Review
- Intra-articular injection of ascorbic acid enhances microfracture-mediated cartilage repair.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prospective and challenges of locally applied repurposed pharmaceuticals for periodontal tissue regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Engineering3 Biotech · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vitamin C (Vit C) benefits to human skin physiology notably by stimulating the biosynthesis of collagen. The main cutaneous collagens are types I and III, which are less synthesized with aging. Vit C is one of the main promotors of collagen formation but it poorly bypasses the epidermis stratum corneum barrier. To address this challenge, we developed a lipophilic version of Vit C for improving skin diffusion and delivery. Vit C was covalently conjugated to squalene (SQ), a natural lipid of the skin, forming a novel Vit C-SQ derivative suitable for cream formulation. Its biological activity was investigated on human whole skin explants in an ex vivo model, through histology and protein and gene expression analyses. Results were compared to Vit C coupled to the reference lipophilic compound palmitic acid, (Vit C-Palmitate). It was observed that Vit C-SQ significantly increased epidermal thickness and preferentially favored collagen III production in human skin after application for 10 days. It also promoted glycosaminoglycans production in a higher extent comparatively to Vit C-Palmitate and free Vit C. Microdissection of the explants to separate dermis and epidermis allowed to measure higher transcriptional effects either in epidermis or in dermis. Among the formulations studied, the strongest effects were observed with Vit C-SQ.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.