ArticleGut2021
Metabolic syndrome, metabolic comorbid conditions and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Early-onset colorectal cancer is associated with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of colorectal carcinogenesis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Correlation between Metabolic Syndrome and Gastric Cancer: Results of an Evidence-Based Strategy in Oriental Populations.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of different types of intermittent fasting on metabolic outcomes: an umbrella review and network meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization analyses provide insights into the causes of early-onset colorectal cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of bariatric surgery on early-onset colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Updates in surgery · 2023Pooled it
- A risk scoring system to predict the individual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolic syndrome and the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2021Pooled it
- The association of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components with the Incidence and Survival of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Fat depot-specific accumulation of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites in rats fed with western diet and its implications for colon cancer.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- A screening-threshold-oriented framework reveals threshold-adjacent redistribution of global colorectal cancer burden: an analysis of GBD 2023.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-dependent associations of metabolic syndrome with colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The intersection of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease: shared mechanisms and clinical implications.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Colorectal Cancer in Younger and Elderly Patients: A Real-World Analysis from the Modena Cancer Center.Cancers · 2026Article
- Review
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Outcomes.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Colorectal Adenoma: A CHungcheong Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease (CHASID) Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFactors that lead to metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC diagnosed under age 50). However, the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early-onset CRC remains unexamined.
designWe conducted a nested case-control study among participants aged 18-64 in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2006-2015). Incident CRC was identified using pathologist-coded International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, and controls were frequency matched. MetS was defined as presence of ≥3 conditions among obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia/type 2 diabetes, based on ICD-9-CM and use of medications. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs.
resultsMetS was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC (n=4673; multivariable adjusted OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43), similar to CRC diagnosed at age 50-64 (n=14 928; OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.27). Compared with individuals without a metabolic comorbid condition, those with 1, 2 or ≥3 conditions had a 9% (1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.17), 12% (1.12; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) and 31% (1.31; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.51) higher risk of early-onset CRC (p
conclusionsMetabolic dysregulation was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC, driven by proximal and distal colon cancer, thus at least in part contribute to the rising incidence of early-onset CRC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.