Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33036980›Full record

ArticleScience advances2020

3D printed self-supporting elastomeric structures for multifunctional microfluidics.

Ruitao Su, Jiaxuan Wen, Qun Su, Michael S Wiederoder, Steven J Koester, Joshua R Uzarski, Michael C McAlpine

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  6. Fully 3D-Printed Soft Capacitive Sensor of High Toughness and Large Measurement Range.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
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  10. Article
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  19. 3D Printed Skin-Interfaced UV-Visible Hybrid Photodetectors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ruitao SuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-7046
Jiaxuan WenDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-637X
Qun SuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Michael S WiederoderU.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-7142
Steven J KoesterDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Joshua R UzarskiU.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-1670
Michael C McAlpineDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. mcalpine@umn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7598

Funding

3D Printed Nano-Bionic OrgansDP2EB020537 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI MCALPINE, MICHAEL · 2014 to 2019
$2.7M
NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB020537
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microfluidic devices fabricated via soft lithography have demonstrated compelling applications such as lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, DNA microarrays, and cell-based assays. These technologies could be further developed by directly integrating microfluidics with electronic sensors and curvilinear substrates as well as improved automation for higher throughput. Current additive manufacturing methods, such as stereolithography and multi-jet printing, tend to contaminate substrates with uncured resins or supporting materials during printing. Here, we present a printing methodology based on precisely extruding viscoelastic inks into self-supporting microchannels and chambers without requiring sacrificial materials. We demonstrate that, in the submillimeter regime, the yield strength of the as-extruded silicone ink is sufficient to prevent creep within a certain angular range. Printing toolpaths are specifically designed to realize leakage-free connections between channels and chambers, T-shaped intersections, and overlapping channels. The self-supporting microfluidic structures enable the automatable fabrication of multifunctional devices, including multimaterial mixers, microfluidic-integrated sensors, automation components, and 3D microfluidics.

Identifiers

PMID33036980
PMCPMC7546717

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.