SynthesisMaturitas2020
Coronavirus disease 2019 and gender-related mortality in European countries: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Maturitas, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic factors for mortality, intensive care unit and hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies in Europe.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Critical care trends across five waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan: A multi-center observational study from the Pakistan Registry of Intensive CarE (PRICE).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Sex-based differences in mortality among a large cohort of hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at five different pandemic waves in Northern Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Risk Factors of Booster Failure in 480,000 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- [Overall excess mortality and COVID-19 mortality in Brazil and Brazilian regions in 2020].Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Characteristics of patients who died in the hospital emergency service during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital in Spain.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Its Acceptability in High-Risk COVID-19 Patients.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- A multi-country survey of the socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Depression in Individuals Infected with Omicron in China.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Testosterone suppression combined with high dose estrogen as potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2. A mini review.Heliyon · 2022Review
- Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in multi-organ failure: Molecular pathways and potential therapeutic options.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Factors affecting climacteric women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational Latin America study (REDLINC XI).Maturitas · 2022Observational
- The Association of Smell and Taste Dysfunction with COVID19, And Their Functional Impacts.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- Influence of Increasing Age and Body Mass Index of Gender in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Article
- Epidemiological Study of Infection and Death Due to COVID-19 in Fars Province, Iran, From February to September 2020.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Differences and Similarities Among COVID-19 Patients Treated in Seven ICUs in Three Countries Within One Region: An Observational Cohort Study.Critical care medicine · 2022Observational
- Article
- Impact on Sleep Quality, Mood, Anxiety, and Personal Satisfaction of Doctors Assigned to COVID-19 Units.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- COVID infection rates, clinical outcomes, and racial/ethnic and gender disparities before and after Omicron emerged in the US.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Northern Italy population before the COVID-19 second wave.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine mortality rates related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by gender among European countries.
methodsPubMed, preprint medRxiv and bioRxiv repositories, and Google were searched for the terms COVID-19, mortality rates, gender, and Europe. Only Google provided a website with appropriate information. COVID-19 cases and deaths from European countries were extracted by gender from the Global Health 50/50 repository up to May 23, 2020. Extracted data included country, the total number of COVID-19 cases and the number of related deaths by gender. Random effects models with the inverse variance method were used for meta-analyses. Results are reported as death risk ratios (RRs).
resultsWe identified information from 23 European countries that reported separately by gender mortality rates related to COVID-19. The sample comprised 484,919 men and 605,229 women positive for COVID-19. The mortality rate was significantly higher in men than in women (risk ratio = 1.60, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.53, 1.68). The trend was similar when countries reporting < 5000, or < 10,000 cases were excluded from the analysis (RR = 1.60, 95 % CI 1.52, 1.69 and RR = 1.68; CI 1.62, 1.76, respectively).
conclusionIn Europe, the new zoonotic coronavirus causes significantly more deaths in men than in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.