ArticleToxins2020
Ankle and Foot Spasticity Patterns in Chronic Stroke Survivors with Abnormal Gait.
Article in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The dose effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave on plantar flexor spasticity of ankle in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Effect of Dry Needling Treatment on Tibial Musculature in Combination with Neurorehabilitation Treatment in Stroke Patients: Randomized Clinical Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Construction and verification of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a Structured Robot-Assisted Ankle-Foot Sensorimotor Training Program Versus Manual Training in Chronic Stroke: Protocol for an Assessor-Blinded, Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Immediate Effects of Walking Training With Elastic Ankle Support Devices on Walking and Mobility of Ambulatory Individuals With Stroke.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- A Sonographic and Functional Study of the Patterns of Changes in the Tibialis Anterior Muscle in Chronic Hemiplegic Patients, a Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023-2025) on Mobility and Balance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Identification of spastic muscles involved in abnormal joint posture in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome: a narrative review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional gait analysis for assessing dynamic ankle spasticity after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lower-Limb Spasticity in an Individual With Subacute Stroke: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment for multiple sclerosis and post-stroke spasticity in clinical practice: differences in injection doses and patterns.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Practical assessment of motor preparation-execution coupling during active ankle dorsiflexion in post-stroke gait: A pilot study.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Relationship of lower-limb muscle properties with motor control, walking and balance in stroke survivors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of gait parameters between patients with chronic stroke at different ambulation levels and healthy adults: a prospective observational study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Structural and Textural Ultrasound Features of Gastrocnemius Medialis in Chronic Stroke: Associations with Functional Outcomes and Spasticity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Spasticity Management with Botulinum Toxin in Post-stroke and Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Retrospective, 'Real-world', Multicenter Study.NeuroRehabilitation · 2025Observational
- Restoring Biomechanical Gait Function with Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy for Post-Stroke Equinovarus Foot: Two Case Reports and a Protocol (A CARE- and SPIRIT-Compliant Study).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Muscle selection and dosing in patients undergoing treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA for lower limb spasticity in real-world practice.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic stroke survivors with spastic hemiplegia have various clinical presentations of ankle and foot muscle spasticity patterns. They are mechanical consequences of interactions between spasticity and weakness of surrounding muscles during walking. Four common ankle and foot spasticity patterns are described and discussed through sample cases. The patterns discussed are equinus, varus, equinovarus, and striatal toe deformities. Spasticity of the primary muscle(s) for each deformity is identified. However, it is emphasized that clinical presentation depends on the severity of spasticity and weakness of these muscles and their interactions. Careful and thorough clinical assessment of the ankle and foot deformities is needed to determine the primary cause of each deformity. An understanding of common ankle and foot spasticity patterns can help guide clinical assessment and selection of target spastic muscles for botulinum toxin injection or nerve block.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.