ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Comorbid Anxiety and Depression among Pregnant Pakistani Women: Higher Rates, Different Vulnerability Characteristics, and the Role of Perceived Stress.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of mental health-related multimorbidity during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between maternal multimorbidity and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pregnancy with multiple high-risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: a randomized, phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Predictors of postpartum coparenting relationship among primiparous couples in Karachi, Pakistan.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Maternal perinatal mental health and associated factors during the first postpartum year from a longitudinal birth cohort study in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Investigating the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Mental Health in the French EDEN Cohort: Cumulative, Person-Centered, and Dimensional Approaches.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- Assessment of Mental Health Comorbidities and Relief Factors in Moroccan Women during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of perinatal depression among mothers and fathers in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2024Review
- Tapestry of postnatal emotional disorders: exploring the interplay of anxiety and depressive disorders and their associated risk factors in Sudanese women.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Peer counseling for perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Comorbid Anxiety and Depression among Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pregnant women in Herat, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Resilience and prenatal mental health in Pakistan: a qualitative inquiry.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Article
- Vulnerability in maternal, new-born, and child health in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from a scoping review.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety and depression commonly co-occur during pregnancy and may increase risk of poor birth outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight. Our understanding of rates, patterns, and predictors of comorbid anxiety and depression is hindered given the dearth of literature, particularly in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries. The aim of this study is (1) to explore the prevalence and patterns of comorbid antenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mild-to-severe and moderate-to-severe categories among women in a LMI country like Pakistan and (2) to understand the risk factors for comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. Using a prospective cohort design, a diverse sample of 300 pregnant women from four centers of Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children in Pakistan were enrolled in the study. Comorbid anxiety and depression during pregnancy were high and numerous factors predicted increased likelihood of comorbidity, including: (1) High level of perceived stress at any time point, (2) having 3 or more previous children, and (3) having one or more adverse childhood experiences. These risks were increased if the husband was employed in the private sector. Early identification and treatment of mental health comorbidities may contribute to decreased adverse birth outcomes in LMI countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.