ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Some Suggestions from PK/PD Principles to Contain Resistance in the Clinical Setting-Focus on ICU Patients and Gram-Negative Strains.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06811727 (CONTinuous Infusion Versus Intermittent Dosing of ceftaZidime/AVIbactam in Critically Ill Patients With Klebsiella Pneumoniae OXA-48 or Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CONTinuous Infusion Versus Intermittent Dosing of ceftaZidime/AVIbactam in Critically Ill Patients With Klebsiella Pneumoniae OXA-48 or Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections: A Single-centre Randomized Open-label Trial (ZAVICONT)
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dose optimization of β-lactams antibiotics in pediatrics and adults: A systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinician decision-making for polymyxin dosing in critically ill patients with renal impairment: a qualitative study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia Coli and Salmonella in poultry production and spread and effect in the one health framework.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics of imipenem in critically ill patients: Continuous infusion versus extended infusion in a real-world study.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Observational
- Optimal antibiotic use in the intensive care unit.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Continuous infusion versus intermittent dosing of ceftazidime/avibactam in critically ill patients withFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of azithromycin resistance after the COVID-19 era in clinical bacterial isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Gurugram, India.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Dose Individualisation of Antimicrobials from a Pharmacometric Standpoint: The Current Landscape.Drugs · 2024Review
- Translational PK/PD for the Development of Novel Antibiotics-A Drug Developer's Perspective.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Impact of Beta-Lactam Target Attainment on Resistance Development in Patients with Gram-Negative Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extended and Continuous Infusion of Novel Protected β-Lactam Antibiotics: A Narrative Review.Drugs · 2023Review
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam (C/A) Resistant, Meropenem Sensitive KPC-ProducingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobials in Children with Emphasis on Challenges Faced by Low and Middle Income Countries, a Clinical Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Expert clinical pharmacological advice may make an antimicrobial TDM program for emerging candidates more clinically useful in tailoring therapy of critically ill patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Observational
- Grand challenge in antibiotic pharmacology: A major step toward tailored antimicrobial treatment in very complex clinical scenarios of infectious risk management.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2022Article
- Assessment of a PK/PD Target of Continuous Infusion Beta-Lactams Useful for Preventing Microbiological Failure and/or Resistance Development in Critically Ill Patients Affected by Documented Gram-Negative Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cefiderocol-Based Combination Therapy for "Difficult-to-Treat" Gram-Negative Severe Infections: Real-Life Case Series and Future Perspectives.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The containment of the phenomenon of resistance towards antimicrobials is a priority, especially in preserving molecules acting against Gram-negative pathogens, which represent the isolates more frequently found in the fragile population of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units. Antimicrobial therapy aims to prevent resistance through several actions, which are collectively known as "antimicrobial stewardship", to be taken together, including the application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) principles. PK/PD application has been shown to prevent the emergence of resistance in numerous experimental studies, although a straight translation to the clinical setting is not possible. Individualized antibiotic dosing and duration should be pursued in all patients, and even more especially when treating intensive care unit (ICU) septic patients in whom optimal exposure is both difficult to achieve and necessary. In this review, we report on the available data that support the application of PK/PD parameters to contain the development of resistance and we give some practical suggestions that can help to translate the benefit of PK/PD application to the bedside.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.