Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33035726›Full record

ArticleBrain stimulation

Evoked potentials reveal neural circuits engaged by human deep brain stimulation.

Stephen L Schmidt, David T Brocker, Brandon D Swan, Dennis A Turner, Warren M Grill

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Pallidal Evoked Resonant Neural Activity as a Candidate Biomarker for Deep Brain Stimulation in Dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Paired Deep Brain Stimuli Elicit Short-Term Facilitation in Globus Pallidus Interna and Subthalamic Nucleus.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Directional Stimulus-Evoked Pallidal Electrophysiology in Primary Dystonia.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation-Induced Local Field Potential Changes in Dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Stephen L SchmidtDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
David T BrockerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Brandon D SwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Dennis A TurnerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Warren M GrillDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: warren.grill@duke.edu.
Duke University · US

Funding

Temporal Patterns of Deep Brain StimulationR37NS040894 · NINDS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI GRILL, WARREN M. · 2015 to 2021
$4.2M
An Integrated Biomarker Approach to Personalized, Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson DiseaseUH3NS129898 · NINDS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI DENNIS Alan TURNER · 2023 to 2026
$3.7M
Temporal Patterns of Deep Brain StimulationR01NS040894 · NINDS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI GRILL, WARREN M. · 2000 to 2013
$3.4M
Scalar Closed-Loop STN/GPi DBS Based on Evoked and Spontaneous PotentialsUH3NS103468 · NINDS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI TURNER, DENNIS ALAN · 2017 to 2021
$2.0M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS040894NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS040894NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS103468NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS129898
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for reducing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but the mechanisms of action of DBS and neural correlates of symptoms remain unknown.

objectiveTo use the neural response to DBS to reveal connectivity of neural circuits and interactions between groups of neurons as potential mechanisms for DBS.

methodsWe recorded activity evoked by DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in humans with Parkinson's disease. In follow up experiments we also simultaneously recorded activity in the contralateral STN or the ipsilateral globus pallidus from both internal (GPi) and external (GPe) segments.

resultsDBS local evoked potentials (DLEPs) were stereotyped across subjects, and a biophysical model of reciprocal connections between the STN and the GPe recreated DLEPs. Simultaneous STN and GP recordings during STN DBS demonstrate that DBS evoked potentials were present throughout the basal ganglia and confirmed that DLEPs arose from the reciprocal connections between the STN and GPe. The shape and amplitude of the DLEPs were dependent on the frequency and duration of DBS and were correlated with resting beta band oscillations. In the frequency domain, DLEPs appeared as a 350 Hz high frequency oscillation (HFO) independent of the frequency of DBS.

conclusionsDBS evoked potentials suggest that the intrinsic dynamics of the STN and GP are highly interlinked and may provide a promising new biomarker for adaptive DBS.

Indexed as

AgedBasal GangliaDeep Brain StimulationEvoked Potentials, MotorFemaleGlobus PallidusHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve NetParkinson DiseaseRestStereotaxic TechniquesSubthalamic NucleusDBSGlobus pallidusParkinson’’s diseaseSubthalamic nucleus

Identifiers

PMID33035726
PMCPMC7722102
OpenAlexW3091851334

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.