ArticlePloS one2020
Active household contact screening for tuberculosis and provision of isoniazid preventive therapy to under-five children in Afghanistan.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of autologous bone in cranioplasty. A systematic review of complications and risk factors by using stored bone.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Pooled it
- Strategies to detect and manage latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in high TB burden countries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2022Pooled it
- Low preventive treatment initiation and completion among young children contacts of active TB in Tbilisi, Georgia.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- Active case finding for tuberculosis in tea gardens of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Surveillance of close contacts of patients with infectious tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Routine tuberculosis contact investigation yield and preventive treatment cascade in central Ethiopia.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Epidemiological features of tuberculosis in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease Study 2019.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Household Contact Tuberculosis Screening Adherence and Associated Factors Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients on Follow-Up at Health Facilities in Shashamane Town, Southeast Ethiopia.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
- Alert sign and symptoms for the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: analysis of patients followed by a tertiary pediatric hospital.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Supporting tuberculosis program in active contact tracing: a case study from Pakistan.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of scaling up short course preventive therapy for tuberculosis among children across 12 countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThis observational study analyzed the performance of the National TB Control Program (NTP) in Afghanistan in household contact screening from 2011 to 2018 and its use as an entry point for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), as well as the IPT completion rates for children under age five.
methodsFrom 2011 to 2018, the Afghanistan NTP released guidelines for passive and active contact screening of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. Health workers were trained in contact screening. Presumptive TB cases gave sputum for AFB smear microscopy; other diagnostics were used if patients could not produce sputum. Children under five (excluding those with active TB) were treated for latent TB infection. We calculated the yield and the number needed to screen and number needed to test to find a case of TB, as well as the rates of IPT initiation and completion.
resultsFrom 2011 to 2018, 142,797 bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were diagnosed in Afghanistan. The number of household members eligible for screening was estimated to be 856,782, of whom 586,292 (81%) were screened for TB and 117,643 (20.1%) were found to be presumptive TB cases. Among the cases screened, 10,896 TB cases (all forms) were diagnosed (1.85%, 95% CI 1.82-1.89), 54.4% in females. The number needed to screen to diagnose a single case of TB (all forms) was 53.8; the number needed to test was 10.7. Out of all children under five, 101,084 (85.9%) were initiated on IPT, and 69,273 (68.5%) completed treatment.
conclusionsProgram performance in contact screening in Afghanistan is high, at 81%, and the yield of TB is also high-close to 10 times higher than the national TB incidence rate. IPT initiation and completion rates are also high as compared to those of many other countries but need further improvement, especially for completion.
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