ArticlePloS one2020
A national study on the physical and mental health of intersex adults in the U.S.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorders among LGBTQI+ adults: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the global prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in LGBTIQ+ people: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Pooled it
- Assessing differences in epigenetic aging markers between sexual or gender minority and straight cisgender adults using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Social and Anxiety-Like Behaviors Are Affected in Juvenile Mice With Gli2Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Mapping sexual and gender minority inclusion in national adaptation plans globally.npj climate action · 2026Article
- Health disparities and socioeconomic challenges faced by the Khawaja Sira (intersex and gender-diverse) community in Islamabad, Pakistan: A descriptive cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Islamic Jurisprudence, Biomedical Ethics, and the Social Construct in Relation to Intersex People: A Scoping Review.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Cerebrovascular Health Among Sex- and Gender-Diverse People: A Narrative Review.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Review
- Exploring the relationship between cognition and mental health in intersex participants in the UK Biobank study.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Survey of Urogynecology Fellows on the Care of Patients with Differences in Sex Development/Intersex Traits.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Chronic pain in transgender and gender-diverse youth: a biopsychosocial perspective.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- "I've had constant fears that I'll get cancer": the construction and experience of medical intervention on intersex bodies to reduce cancer risk.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Article
- "Going Back in the Closet": Addressing Discrimination Against Sexual and Gender Minority Residents in Long-Term Services and Supports by Providing Culturally Responsive Care.Journal of aging & social policy · 2024Article
- Towards equity & inclusion: a critical examination of genetic Counselling Education on Intersex Healthcare.BMC medical education · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo describe the health of intersex adults (people with differences of sex development) in the U.S. using community-based research methods.
methodsIn July-September 2018, we conducted a national health study of intersex adults aged 18 and older in the U.S., using a survey hosted on Qualtrics. The study describes the physical and mental health experiences of intersex adults, including differences by age (18 to 39 vs. 40 and older). Questions were derived from national (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) and intersex-related health studies.
resultsA non-probability sample of 198 intersex adults completed the survey over three months. Over 43% of participants rated their physical health as fair/poor and 53% reported fair/poor mental health. Prevalent health diagnoses included depression, anxiety, arthritis, and hypertension, with significant differences by age. Nearly a third reported difficulty with everyday tasks and over half reported serious difficulties with cognitive tasks.
conclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first national study of intersex adults in the U.S. Greater understanding of intersex health over the life course is essential. Findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies and further examination of potential health disparities experienced by intersex populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.