ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
Race/Ethnicity, Cumulative Midlife Loss, and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Grief-Related Chest Pain: A Review, Conceptual Analysis, and Integrative Model.Psychophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Superwoman schema, motherhood status, and subclinical atherosclerosis among African American women.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Everyday discrimination and subclinical indicators of stroke in midlife women.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Measuring premature and cumulative family member bereavement: Racial disparities and later mortality risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- From one death to another: The relationship between familial deaths and one's own mortality risk among an urban Black American cohort.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic influences on carotid atherosclerosis: Epidemiology and risk factors.SAGE open medicine · 2024Review
- Multiple Family Member Deaths and Cardiometabolic Health among Black and White Older Adults.Journal of health and social behavior · 2022Article
- Sole Family Survivors: Older Adults Lacking Family of Origin Kin.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- From Grief to Grievance: Combined Axes of Personal and Collective Grief Among Black Americans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
African-American women have elevated rates of cardiovascular disease compared with women of other races or ethnicities, and race/ethnicity-related stressors may play a role. We examined the association between a race/ethnicity-related stressor, midlife loss, and a marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid intima media thickness (IMT), in 1,410 African-American, White, Chinese, and Hispanic women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Participants were queried about losses annually over 12 years (1996-2013), with IMT assessed in year 12-13 via ultrasound. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between cumulative upsetting losses and IMT, adjusting for covariates. In minimally adjusted models in the full cohort, 3 or more upsetting losses (vs. none) were associated with IMT (β = 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.0003). Results were more robust among African-American women (β = 0.042, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07; P < 0.01) than White (β = 0.014, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03; P = 0.21), Chinese (β = 0.036, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.10; P = 0.25), or Hispanic (β = 0.036, 95% CI: -0.07, 0.14; P = 0.51) women, although associations among women from racial/ethnic minorities overall were of similar magnitude. Results persisted in fully adjusted models (P for interaction with race/ethnicity = 0.04). Midlife loss may be a pathway through which race/ethnicity influences cardiovascular risk for African-American women and, potentially, Chinese and Hispanic women.
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