Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33033965›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2021

Incidence and survival of inflammatory breast cancer between 1973 and 2015 in the SEER database.

Hannah Grace Abraham, Yaoxuan Xia, Bhramar Mukherjee, Sofia Diana Merajver

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Reprogramming the Immune Landscape of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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  16. Observational
  17. How to Define Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2025
    Review
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  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hannah Grace AbrahamUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Yaoxuan XiaSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Bhramar MukherjeeSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sofia Diana MerajverUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. smerajve@umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-7130
University of Michigan · US

Funding

XenograftP30CA046592 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI THEODORE S LAWRENCE · 1988 to 2026
$178.2M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive variant characterized by erythema, edema, and "peau d'orange" of the skin progressing within 6 months. We assessed the incidence and survival of IBC in the US over four decades.

methodsUsing SEER*Stat, a case list of IBC patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2015 (n = 29,718) was extracted from SEER 18 registries by using a combination of morphology, stage, and extent of disease criteria. M1 and M0 patients were included. Age-adjusted incidence rates, relative survival rates, and mean survival time were calculated. Significance was determined as non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals.

resultsThe overall incidence of IBC from 1973 to 2015 is 2.76 (2.73, 2.79) cases per 100,000 people, with white patients having an incidence rate of 2.63 (2.60, 2.67), black patients 4.52 (4.39, 4.65), and patients of other race 1.84 (1.76, 1.93). The overall IBC relative 5-year survival rate is 40.5% (39.0%, 42.0%), 42.5% (40.7%, 44.3%), and 29.9% (26.6%, 33.3%) for white patients and black patients, respectively. Patients diagnosed in 1978-1982 have a mean survival time of 62.3 (52.0, 72.6) months, while those diagnosed in 2008-2012 have mean survival time of 99.4 (96.4, 102.4) months. There is no significant difference in survival time between T4D patients and patients with other T staging and extent of disease coding consistent with clinical IBC presentation.

conclusionsIBC survival has increased over four decades. Despite the improvement in survival for all racial groups, a persistent survival disparity that has not narrowed over two decades remains between white and black patients.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsInflammatory Breast NeoplasmsBlack or African AmericanFemaleHumansIncidenceNeoplasm StagingSEER ProgramSurvival RateWhite PeopleDisparitiesIncidenceInflammatory breast cancerSurvival

Identifiers

PMID33033965
OpenAlexW3092313526

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.