Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33033851›Full record

Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021

Immune reconstitution and clinical recovery following anti-CD28 antibody (TGN1412)-induced cytokine storm.

Nicki Panoskaltsis, Neil E McCarthy, Andrew J Stagg, Catherine J Mummery, Mariwan Husni, Naila Arebi, David Greenstein, Claire L Price, Hafid O Al-Hassi, Michalis Koutinas and 2 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with hematologic malignancies after CAR T cell therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.

Nicki PanoskaltsisDepartment of Haematology, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Campus, London, UK. nicki.panoskaltsis@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-5697
Neil E McCarthyAntigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Campus, London, UK.
Andrew J StaggAntigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Campus, London, UK.
Catherine J MummeryDementia Research Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, Department of Neurology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
Mariwan HusniCentral and North West London Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
Naila ArebiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Intestinal Physiology, St. Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
David GreensteinDepartment of Vascular Surgery, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Hospitals Site, London, UK.
Claire L PriceAntigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Campus, London, UK.
Hafid O Al-HassiAntigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Campus, London, UK.
Michalis KoutinasBiological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Athanasios MantalarisBiological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Stella C KnightAntigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark's Campus, London, UK.
St Mark's Hospital · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBCentral and North West London NHS Foundation Trust · GBCyprus University of Technology · CYEmory University · USGeorgia Institute of Technology · USLondon North West Healthcare NHS Trust · GBUniversity College Hospital · GBUniversity of Wolverhampton · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/F/000PR10353Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/F/000PR10356Cancer Research UK C18928/A8548Medical Research Council MR/R008302/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cytokine storm can result from cancer immunotherapy or certain infections, including COVID-19. Though short-term immune-related adverse events are routinely described, longer-term immune consequences and sequential immune monitoring are not as well defined. In 2006, six healthy volunteers received TGN1412, a CD28 superagonist antibody, in a first-in-man clinical trial and suffered from cytokine storm. After the initial cytokine release, antibody effect-specific immune monitoring started on Day + 10 and consisted mainly of evaluation of dendritic cell and T-cell subsets and 15 serum cytokines at 21 time-points over 2 years. All patients developed problems with concentration and memory; three patients were diagnosed with mild-to-moderate depression. Mild neutropenia and autoantibody production was observed intermittently. One patient suffered from peripheral dry gangrene, required amputations, and had persistent Raynaud's phenomenon. Gastrointestinal irritability was noted in three patients and coincided with elevated γδT-cells. One had pruritus associated with elevated IgE levels, also found in three other asymptomatic patients. Dendritic cells, initially undetectable, rose to normal within a month. Naïve CD8

Indexed as

AdultAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCD28 AntigensCognitive DysfunctionCohort StudiesCOVID-19Cytokine Release SyndromeDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsFollow-Up StudiesHumansImmunotherapyMaleSARS-CoV-2T-LymphocytesYoung AdultAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCD28 AntigensTGN-1412Cytokine release syndromeCytokine stormImmune monitoringImmune-related adverse events (irAEs)ImmunotherapyTGN1412

Identifiers

PMID33033851
PMCPMC7543968
OpenAlexW3091842110

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.