SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Outdoor Walking Speeds of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06410755 (Research on Evaluation of Home-based Rehabilitation Monitoring System With Wearable Devices and Self-Report Application), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Research on Evaluation of Home-based Rehabilitation Monitoring System With Wearable Devices and Self-Report Application
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Outdoor Walking Speeds of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Gait Responses in People with Parkinson Disease During Autonomous Closed-loop Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation: An Exploratory Analysis.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Using Mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment to Understand Consumption and Context Around Online Food Delivery Use: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Music Tempo: A Tool for Regulating Walking Cadence and Physical Activity Intensity in Overweight Adults?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Minimalist Footwear and Knee Joint Loading During Walking in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Evidence for Osteoarthritis Prevention.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Effects of smartphone use on postural control and gait performance in older women with neck pain.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Sagittal-Plane Knee Flexion Moment Estimation Using a Lightweight Deep Learning Framework Based on Sequential Surface EMG Feature Frames.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Promote Walking Behavior and Reduce Stationary Time in Physically Inactive Adults: Protocol for the Walking With JITAIs Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Quantifying carbon reductions from mode substitution through shared electric mobility hubs in Greater Manchester.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Estimation of the External Knee Adduction Moment Using Inertial Measurement Unit Sensors on the Shank and Lower Back: A Pilot Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Connect Active Programme (CAP): A Pilot RCT to Enhance Physical Activity and Intergenerational Relationships Through Dyadic Digital Walking Exercises.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the social life of urban spaces through AI.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Wearable Spine Tracker vs. Video-Based Pose Estimation for Human Activity Recognition.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Plantar pressure classification and feature extraction based on multiple fusion algorithms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beyond boundaries: a location-based toolkit for quantifying group dynamics in diverse contexts.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2025Article
- Gait Spatio-Temporal Parameters Vary Significantly Between Indoor, Outdoor and Different Surfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Are Suggested Hiking Times Accurate? A Validation of Hiking Time Estimations for Preventive Measures in Mountains.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWalking outdoors can be used by many individuals to meet public health guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. The speed at which adults walk may be a proxy for intensity. Traditional estimates of indoor walking speed are unlikely to reflect self-selected usual or other instructed paces of outdoor walking speed.
objectiveTo inform estimates of pace-based walking speed of apparently healthy adults in outdoor settings.
methodsWe searched four electronic databases for articles published in English between January 1970 and March 2019. Studies that reported walking speed (m/s), cadence (steps/min), or intensity (mL/kg/min) of ambulatory, apparently healthy, and community-dwelling adults (> 18 years) were included. Walking speed categories were defined according to the description provided in each study. Meta-analysis was used to synthesise speed, cadence, and intensity data by slow, usual, medium, fast, and maximal pace (where reported).
resultsThirty-five studies, representing 14,015 participants (6808 women, 5135 men, and 2072 sex not specified), were identified. The mean (95% CI) walking speed for slow, usual, medium, fast, and maximal pace was 0.82 (0.77-0.86), 1.31 (1.27-1.35), 1.47 (1.44-1.49), 1.72 (1.64-1.81), and 1.62 (1.45-1.79) m/s, respectively. Mean cadence (95% CI) for usual and fast paces were 116.65 (114.95-118.35) and 126.75 (121.87-131.63) steps/min, respectively. The mean oxygen consumption (95% CI) for the usual and medium paces was 11.97 (11.69-12.25) and 13.34 (12.94-13.73) mL/kg/min, respectively.
conclusionThese findings provide greater clarity with regard to how various indicators of enacted walking pace, speed, and intensity overlap and how each can be best communicated in the real-world setting to optimise health-related outcomes. Pace-based instructions can be used to support walking in outdoor settings within public health guidelines.
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Registered trials
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