ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2021
Characterisation of LV myocardial exercise function by 2-D strain deformation imaging in elite adolescent footballers.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Left ventricular morphological and functional predictors ofExperimental physiology · 2026Observational
- Identification of the individual cardiac contraction threshold during high-frame-rate stress echocardiography.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Two young athletes with Tetralogy of Fallot-stress echocardiography in therapeutic decision-making: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Biventricular responses to exercise and their relation to cardiorespiratory fitness in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Article
- A new protocol for a single-stage combined cardiopulmonary and echocardiography exercise test: a pilot study.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2024Article
- Athlete's Heart: A Cardiovascular Step-By-Step Multimodality Approach.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeFew data exist on the descriptions of LV myocardial mechanics and reserve during dynamic exercise of adolescent athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the LV myocardial and cardiopulmonary changes during exercise using 2-D strain deformation imaging.
methodsElite adolescent male football players (n = 42) completed simultaneous cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise echocardiography measurement of LV myocardial deformation by 2-D strain imaging. LV longitudinal and circumferential 2-D strain and strain rates were analyzed at each stage during incremental exercise to a work rate of 150 W. Additionally, exercise LV myocardial deformation and its relation to metabolic exercise parameters were evaluated at each exercise stage and in recovery using repeated measures ANOVA, linear regression and paired t tests.
resultsLV peak systolic baseline 2-D strain (longitudinal: - 15.4 ± 2.5%, circumferential: - 22.5 ± 3.1%) increased with each exercise stage, but longitudinal strain plateaued at 50 W (mean strain reserve - 7.8 ± 3.0) and did not significantly increase compared to subsequent exercise stages (P > 0.05), whilst circumferential strain (mean strain reserve - 11.6 ± 3.3) significantly increased (P < 0.05) throughout exercise up to 150 W as the dominant mechanism of exercise LV contractility increase. Regression analyses showed LV myocardial strain increased linearly relative to HR, VO
conclusionThis study describes LV myocardial deformation dynamics by 2-D strain and provides reference values for LV myocardial strain and strain rate during exercise in adolescent footballers. It found important differences between LV longitudinal and circumferential myocardial mechanics during exercise and introduces a methodology that can be used to quantify LV function and cardiac reserve during exercise in adolescent athletes.
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