ReviewBipolar disorders2021
Bipolar disorder: Trimodal age-at-onset distribution.
Review in Bipolar disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Parenting Experiences in the Context of Parental Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of the Qualitative Literature.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Lithium Dispensing Patterns in Dutch Youth: Prevalence, Incidence Dosages, and Duration of Use From 2011 to 2022.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Bipolar Disorder in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Overview of Pharmacotherapy Patterns and Clinical Considerations.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Deciding "what" to screen for and "when": The importance of natural history information.American journal of human genetics · 2026Review
- Brainwide Structural Markers of Familial and Clinical Risk for Bipolar Disorder in Youth.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Elevated C-reactive protein is associated with suicide attempts in youth with bipolar disorder.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Cultural Adaptation of a Digital Mobile App for Bipolar Disorder (PolarUs): Protocol for a Qualitative Co-Design Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients With Bipolar II Disorder.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Hope Through Tales: Through the Eyes of a Child of a Parent With Bipolar Disorder.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Article
- Expanding Coordinated Specialty Care to Early-Stage Bipolar Disorder: Development and Implementation of the STRIDE Model.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Fecal metaproteomics reveals alterations in gut microbiota and intestinal proteins in adolescents with bipolar depression.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Correlation of non-suicidal self-injury with SLC6A4 promoter DNA methylation in children and adolescents with bipolar depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- State-of-the-art treatment of postpartum bipolar disorder.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Impact of immune function and white matter integrity on cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Predicting five-year comorbid bipolar disorder after attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis: a population-based machine learning approach.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Article
- Meta-sGWAS: Integrating brain spatial interactions to uncover genetic variants in Bipolar Disorder.Research square · 2025Article
- Postpartum mood episodes in bipolar I vs. II disorder: a retrospective observational analysis of clinical correlates.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Longitudinal stability of mood-related resting-state networks in youth with symptomatic bipolar-I/II disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental health disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. Age at onset (AAO) may be a key variable in delineating more homogeneous subgroups of BD patients. However, no known research has systematically assessed how BD age-at-onset subgroups should be defined.
methodsWe systematically searched the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Google Scholar and BIOSIS Previews. Original quantitative English language studies investigating AAO in BD were sought.
resultsA total of 9454 unique publications were identified. Twenty-one of these were included in data analysis (n = 22981 BD participants). Fourteen of these studies (67%, n = 13626 participants) found a trimodal AAO distribution: early-onset (µ = 17.3, σ = 1.19, 45% of sample), mid-onset (µ = 26.0,
conclusionsWe propose that the field conceptualises bipolar disorder age-at-onset subgroups as referring broadly to life stages. Demarcating BD AAO groups can inform treatment and provide a framework for future research to continue to investigate potential mechanisms of disease onset.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.