Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33030138›Full record

ReviewEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets2021

How Much Vitamin D is Too Much? A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Sara De Vincentis, Antonino Russo, Marta Milazzo, Amedeo Lonardo, Maria C De Santis, Vincenzo Rochira, Manuela Simoni, Bruno Madeo

Open access · greenAbstract readCase ReportsReview
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Too much vitamin D? a drug safety review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
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  8. Vitamin D affects antiphospholipid syndrome by regulating T cells (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sara De VincentisUnit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Antonino RussoUnit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Marta MilazzoUnit of Metabolic Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.
Amedeo LonardoUnit of Metabolic Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.
Maria C De SantisDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Italy.
Vincenzo RochiraUnit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Manuela SimoniUnit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Bruno MadeoUnit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia · ITAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena · ITAzienda Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Modena · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe beneficial effects of vitamin D, together with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, have led to an expanding use of vitamin D analogues. While inappropriate consumption is a recognized cause of harm, the determination of doses at which vitamin D becomes toxic remains elusive. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year woman was admitted to our Hospital following a 3-week history of nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness. The patient had been assuming a very high dose of cholecalciferol for 20 months (cumulative 78,000,000UI, mean daily 130,000UI), as indicated by a non-- conventional protocol for multiple sclerosis. Before starting vitamin D integration, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normal, while 25OH-vitamin D levels were very low (12.25 nmol/L). On admission, hypercalcemia (3.23 mmol/L) and acute kidney injury (eGFR 20 mL/min) were detected, associated with high concentrations of 25OH-vitamin D (920 nmol/L), confirming the suspicion of vitamin D intoxication. Vitamin D integration was stopped, and in a week, hypercalcemia normalized. It took about 6 months for renal function and 18 months for vitamin D values to go back to normal.

conclusionThis case confirms that vitamin D intoxication is possible, albeit with a high dose. The doses used in clinical practice are far lower than these and, therefore, intoxication rarely occurs even in those individuals whose baseline vitamin D serum levels have never been assessed. Repeated measurements of vitamin D are not necessary for patients under standard integrative therapy. However, patients and clinicians should be aware of the potential dangers of vitamin D overdose.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug OverdoseFemaleHumansItalyMiddle AgedMuscle WeaknessNauseaVitamin DVomitingVitamin Dcholecalciferolhypercalcemia.intoxicationoverdosetoxicityVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID33030138
PMCPMC8811610
OpenAlexW3092527197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.