ArticleJournal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)2020
Paramagnetic Rims in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study with 3-T MRI.
Article in Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Pooled it
- The prevalence of paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- FPR2/ALX stimulation modulates microglia and natural killer cells to restrict autoimmune astrocytopathy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Iron-Rim Lesions in the Optic Chiasm in Multiple Sclerosis: A Neuropathologic Case Series.Neurology · 2026Article
- Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid CHIT1 correlate with disease activity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Targeting formyl peptide receptor 2 to suppress neuroinflammation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Ultrahigh-field MRI: where it really makes a difference.Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Imaging chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
- New Imaging Markers in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders: Smoldering Inflammation and the Central Vein Sign.Neuroimaging clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Serum LDL Promotes Microglial Activation and Exacerbates Demyelinating Injury in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Central Vein Sign and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions: Susceptibility Changes in Brain Tissues and Their Implications for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Recommended implementation of quantitative susceptibility mapping for clinical research in the brain: A consensus of the ISMRM electro-magnetic tissue properties study group.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Iron Rim Lesions as a Specific and Prognostic Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis: 3T-Based Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- SWI as an Alternative to Contrast-Enhanced Imaging to Detect Acute MS Lesions.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2022Article
- Phenotyping of multiple sclerosis lesions according to innate immune cell activation using 18 kDa translocator protein-PET.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Free-water diffusion tensor imaging detects occult periependymal abnormality in the AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeIron retained by activated microglia and macrophages in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions may serve as a marker of innate immune system activation. Among several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, there has been recent interest in using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a potential tool for assessing iron levels in the human brain. This study examined QSM findings in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) lesions obtained with 3-T MRI to assess imaging characteristics related to paramagnetic rims around brain lesions in MS and NMOSD.
methodsThis study included 32 MS and 21 seropositive NMOSD patients. MRI images were obtained using two 3-T MRI devices (Ingenia, Philips Healthcare; and Magnetom Verio, Siemens Healthineers) during routine diagnosis and treatment procedures. Multi and single echo gradient echo magnitude and phase images were obtained for QSM reconstruction. QSM images were used to characterize the detected lesions, and the findings were compared between MS and NMOSD.
resultsTotals of 71 and 35 MRI scans were performed during the study period in MS and NMOSD patients, respectively. In QSM images, paramagnetic rims were found in 26 (81.2%) MS patients and 1 (4.8%) NMOSD patient. Eight of the 22 MS patients and only 1 of the 10 NMOSD patients who underwent follow-up MRI showed new paramagnetic rims. The paramagnetic rim lesions appeared after enhancement or in new T2-weighted lesions without enhancement.
conclusionsParamagnetic rims might be a characteristic MRI finding for MS, and therefore they have potential as an imaging marker for differentially diagnosing MS from NMOSD using 3-T MRI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.