Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33029652›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2021

Potentially inappropriate medication in older psychiatric patients.

Gudrun Hefner, Martina Hahn, Sermin Toto, Christoph Hiemke, Sibylle C Roll, Jan Wolff, Ansgar Klimke

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Deprescribing: Reducing Harm, Enhancing Care.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2026
    Review
  4. Depression and Anxiety Among Patients with COPD: A Nationwide Study from Lithuania.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Gudrun HefnerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Klinikum Hochtaunus, Emil-Sioli-Weg 1-3, 61081, Friedrichsdorf, Germany. Gudrun.Hefner@vitos-rheingau.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5892-8993
Martina HahnPsychiatric Hospital, Vitos Klinik Eichberg, Eltville, Germany.
Sermin TotoDepartment of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Christoph HiemkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Sibylle C RollPsychiatric Hospital, Vitos Klinik Eichberg, Eltville, Germany.
Jan WolffDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Ansgar KlimkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Klinikum Hochtaunus, Emil-Sioli-Weg 1-3, 61081, Friedrichsdorf, Germany.
Vitos · DEJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DEMedizinische Hochschule Hannover · DEUniversity of Freiburg · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMany psychotropic drugs are listed as potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in the older population. Potentially inappropriate means that prescription of those drugs in older adults may cause significant harm. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and sort of PIM prescribing in a naturalistic, real-world psychiatric setting.

methodsThe retrospective analysis gathered data from a large pharmacovigilance study, conducted at 10 psychiatric hospitals. Data from inpatients aged ≥ 65 years were included for the analysis. The number and sort of PIM, as defined by the German PRISCUS list, were controlled by analyzing the patients' medication profile.

resultsIn total, 4760 patient cases (59.2% female) with a mean (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) age of 77.33 ± 7.77 years were included into the study. Altogether, 1615 cases (33.9%) received at least 1 PRISCUS-PIM per day (regular and as-needed medication included). The most frequently prescribed PRISCUS-PIM (n = 2144) were zopiclone > 3.75 mg/day (n = 310), lorazepam > 2 mg/day (n = 269), haloperidol > 2 mg/day (n = 252), and diazepam (n = 182). Cases with PRISCUS-PIM were younger (75.7 vs. 78.2 years, p < 0.001) and had a longer (26 vs. 22 days, p < 0.001) hospital length of stay. Replacing benzodiazepines and z-substances, haloperidol > 2 mg, tricyclic antidepressants, first generation antihistaminergic drugs, and clonidine by non-PIM could reduce 69.9% of PRISCUS-PIM-prescribing.

conclusionsThe prevalence of PRISCUS-PIM is high in the hospitalized psychiatric setting. Rational deprescribing of inappropriate anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics in the older population is a key component to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions. More tolerable medications should be prescribed.

Indexed as

PharmacovigilanceAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsFemaleHospitalizationHumansInappropriate PrescribingLength of StayLongitudinal StudiesMaleMental DisordersPotentially Inappropriate Medication ListPrevalencePsychotropic DrugsPsychotropic DrugsOlder patientsPotentially inappropriate medicationPRISCUS listPsychiatryPsychopharmacology

Identifiers

PMID33029652
OpenAlexW3092614418

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.