Trial reportBioMed research international2020
Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Stimulation in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques for Post Ankle Sprain Balance and Proprioception in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in BioMed research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves stability and function in chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on patients with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of patients with an ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2024Pooled it
- Acute and chronic effects of stretching on balance: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Training for Improving Motor Performance and Motor Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of analgesic treatments used for ankle sprains in the emergency department.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Trial
- Acute Effect of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation on Postural Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2025Trial
- Rotating-pulling-poking manipulation in gait analysis for lateral ankle sprain treatment.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Trial
- The Effects of Electrical Stimulation Program on Navicular Height, Balance, and Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Elderly.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Predicting the Punching Force in Wushu Sanda After Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation by Employing the KAN Neural Network Combined with Neuromuscular Electricity.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Short Term Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Combined with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Youth Basketball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Bioelectricity in dental medicine: a narrative review.Biomedical engineering online · 2024Review
- The effects of mirror therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor and sensory functions in patients with common peroneal nerve injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- A new use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: Role of bioelectric technology in resistant hypertension (Review).Biomedical reports · 2023Review
- The Effect of Diagonal Exercise Training for Neurorehabilitation on Functional Activity in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- How Might Consideration of Cell Polarity Affect Daily Therapeutic Practices?A Literature Review:.Galen medical journal · 2023Article
- Randomized controlled trial of multidisciplinary rehabilitation therapy using mobile applications in cases of ankle fractures.European journal of translational myology · 2022Article
- Correlation and comparison of quadriceps endurance and knee joint position sense in individuals with and without unilateral knee osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stretching is an important part of post ankle sprain rehabilitation, as well as an effective exercise for improving general ankle-joint performance. But the combination of stretching alongside low-frequency stimulation has not yet been extensively studied. Therefore, the purpose of the present randomized controlled trial was to compare the combined effects of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on strength, balance, and proprioception among individuals with post ankle sprain. Sixty male subjects with lateral ankle sprain were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: group 1, group 2, and the control group (CG). Subjects in group 1 received the PNF stretching technique combined with TENS. TENS stimulation was provided using two electrodes placed 5 cm apart directly on the triceps sural muscle of the affected leg and a biphasic current with a symmetrical waveform at 50 Hz for 15 seconds, tuned for a 3-second ramp up time and a 30-second rest time with a 250-microsecond pulse duration was given with PNF stretching. Subjects in group 2 received the PNF stretching technique alone. Both group 1 and group 2 received these treatments for 4 weeks (4 days/week); follow-up assessments were administered in the third and fifth weeks. CG received no treatment; outcome measures alone were assessed. Outcome measures comprised pain, balance, flexibility, proprioception, range of motion, muscle strength, and functional limitation. A mixed-model ANOVA showed significant interaction (time and group) and the time effect for all the outcome measures (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.