ArticleEuropean journal of psychotraumatology2020
Non-pharmacological and non-psychological approaches to the treatment of PTSD: results of a systematic review and meta-analyses.
Article in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Biological treatments for co-occurring eating disorders and psychological trauma: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Preventing posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of neurofeedback and its effect on posttraumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post-traumatic stress disorder and/or with childhood experience of maltreatment.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Rapid Reduction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity after Three Fascial Counterstrain Manual Treatments: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Military medicine · 2026Trial
- Randomised feasibility study evaluating eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for functional neurological disorder (MODIFI).Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Voluntary versus forced exercise modulates anxiety‑like behaviors and hippocampal inflammation gene expression following traumatic stress in rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- The Therapeutic Effect of High-definition 1-Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in PTSD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Increasing Value and Reducing Waste of Research on Neurofeedback Effects in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Art-Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2024Review
- The role of interoception in reducing trauma-associated distress: a feasibility study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Using lifestyle interventions and the gut microbiota to improve PTSD symptoms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Acupuncture Therapy for Military Veterans Suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Related Symptoms: A Scoping Review of Clinical Studies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Systematic Review of Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Childbirth.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Management of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms by yoga: an overview.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Review
- Rural primary care workforce views on trauma-informed care for parents experiencing complex trauma: A descriptive study.The Australian journal of rural health · 2023Article
- Article
- Allostatic Load and Allostatic Overload: Preventive and Clinical Implications.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2023Article
- Complementary and integrative interventions for PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-pharmacological and non-psychological approaches to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have often been excluded from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Consequently, we know little regarding their efficacy.
objectiveTo determine the effect sizes of non-pharmacological and non-psychological treatment approaches for PTSD.
methodWe undertook a systematic review and meta-analyses following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. A pre-determined definition of clinical importance was applied to the results and the quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.
results30 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of a range of heterogeneous non-psychological and non-pharmacological interventions (28 in adults, two in children and adolescents) were included. There was emerging evidence for six different approaches (acupuncture, neurofeedback, saikokeishikankyoto (a herbal preparation), somatic experiencing, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and yoga).
conclusionsGiven the level of evidence available, it would be premature to offer non-pharmacological and non-psychological interventions routinely, but those with evidence of efficacy provide alternatives for people who do not respond to, do not tolerate or do not want more conventional evidence-based interventions. This review should stimulate further research in this area.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.