ReviewEuropean journal of psychotraumatology2020
A systematic review of factors associated with outcome of psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Review in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness and moderators of PE and CPT in adult PTSD treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Predictors of Treatment Effects.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Factors Associated With Treatment Engagement and Outcome for Women in the Perinatal Period Receiving Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma-Related Disorders.Depression and anxiety · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Predictors of Nonresponse to Psychological Treatment for PTSD: A Meta-Analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2024Pooled it
- Walk and Talk: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Therapy versus Treatment as Usual for Veterans and First Responders with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Trial
- Results from a randomized controlled trial testing theory-driven enhancements - Growth mindsets and message framing -- to a brief CBT text-message invention for co-occurring PTSD symptoms and alcohol misuse.Behaviour research and therapy · 2025Trial
- Identifying robust predictors of treatment response in trauma-affected refugees: Results from a randomised controlled trial.PloS one · 2025Trial
- The effect of time since index trauma on trauma-related beliefs.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2024Trial
- The acceptability of a guided internet-based trauma-focused self-help programme (Spring) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Trial
- Predicting treatment outcome for complex posttraumatic stress disorder using the personalized advantage index.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Predicting the outcome of psychological treatments for borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: a machine learning approach to predict long-term outcome of Narrative Exposure Therapy vs. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy based treatment.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Are specific PTSD criteria associated with treatment outcome in traumatized veterans and police officers?European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Adjunctive Neurofeedback vs. Psychotherapy or Pharmacotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- PTSD and complex PTSD, current treatments and debates: a review of reviews.British medical bulletin · 2025Review
- Evaluating self-efficacy as a treatment mechanism during an intensive treatment program for posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2025Article
- Trauma and ICD-11 PTSD in substance use disorder treatment: a Danish multi-site study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The effects of potentially traumatic events on the recovery from pre-existing anxiety and depression symptomatology and the risk of PTSD.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Neuroimaging of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults and youth: progress over the last decade on three leading questions of the field.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Combined Effects of Nasal Ketamine and Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy in Treatment-Resistant Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Case Series.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development of a stepped care intervention model of evidence-based interventions for the management of posttraumatic stress in the Belgian Police.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePsychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not always effective and can leave some individuals with enduring symptoms. Little is known about factors that are associated with better or worse treatment outcome. Our objective was to address this gap.
methodWe undertook a systematic review following Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. We included 126 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions for PTSD and examined factors that were associated with treatment outcome, in terms of severity of PTSD symptoms post-treatment, and recovery or remission.
resultsAssociations were neither consistent nor strong. Two factors were associated with smaller reductions in severity of PTSD symptoms post-treatment: comorbid diagnosis of depression, and higher PTSD symptom severity at baseline assessment. Higher education, adherence to homework and experience of a more recent trauma were associated with better treatment outcome.
conclusionIdentifying and understanding why certain factors are associated with treatment outcome is vital to determine which individuals are most likely to benefit from particular treatments and to develop more effective treatments in the future. There is an urgent need for consistent and standardized reporting of factors associated with treatment outcome in all clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.