ArticleNature immunology2020
Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19.
Article in Nature immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 508 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
508 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 778 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypophysitis in COVID-19: a systematic review.Pituitary · 2024Pooled it
- Identification of a systemic lupus erythematosus disease signature in resting naive B cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- A distinct effector B cell population drives autoantibody production in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Immunity · 2026Article
- Expression patterns of CD24 and CD27 resolve the origins and gradual differentiation of CD11cThe EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Viral subversion of B-cell tolerance: mechanisms linking infection to autoimmunity.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Human Peripheral B Cell Subsets: Evolving notions about B cell biology and the broad relevance of B cells in disease.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Non-canonical NF-κB drives a fate switch from germinal center to early effector B cells.iScience · 2026Article
- Germinal center-independent memory B cells provide rapid protection from lethal influenza challenges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human primary antibody response to vaccination follows a partially sequential class-switching program with a checkpoint at IGHG2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Human CD21Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Longitudinal clinical proteomics reveals pneumonia type-specific protein biomarkers and autoantibodies.JCI insight · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of anti-Ro60 B cell autoreactivity in systemic lupus erythematosus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multiplexed antigen panel analysis identifies B cell phenotype and receptor genetic contributions to antibody breadth.Immunity · 2026Article
- The Presence of CD11c+ B Cells with Potent Effector Memory Phenotype in Lung Adenocarcinoma Correlates with Overall Patient Survival.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- COVID-19 infection is associated with anti-M alloantibody development in pediatric patients: immunological characteristics and clinical implications for transfusion safety.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Atypical memory B cell clonal expansion and inflammatory programs associate with platelet-activating antibody development in COVID-19.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Multi-omics characterises early immune divergence associated with infection-related deterioration after lung transplantation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
448 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
33 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations has become a hallmark of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 pandemic, although the immunological underpinnings of diverse disease outcomes remain to be defined. We performed detailed characterization of B cell responses through high-dimensional flow cytometry to reveal substantial heterogeneity in both effector and immature populations. More notably, critically ill patients displayed hallmarks of extrafollicular B cell activation and shared B cell repertoire features previously described in autoimmune settings. Extrafollicular activation correlated strongly with large antibody-secreting cell expansion and early production of high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies. Yet, these patients had severe disease with elevated inflammatory biomarkers, multiorgan failure and death. Overall, these findings strongly suggest a pathogenic role for immune activation in subsets of patients with COVID-19. Our study provides further evidence that targeted immunomodulatory therapy may be beneficial in specific patient subpopulations and can be informed by careful immune profiling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.