Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33028899›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

Immune characterization of pre-clinical murine models of neuroblastoma.

Emily R Webb, Silvia Lanati, Carol Wareham, Alistair Easton, Stuart N Dunn, Tatyana Inzhelevskaya, Freja M Sadler, Sonya James, Margaret Ashton-Key, Mark S Cragg and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Reprogramming the neuroblastoma tumor immune microenvironment to enhance GPC2 CAR T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Emily R WebbAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Silvia LanatiAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Carol WarehamAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Alistair EastonAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Stuart N DunnAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Tatyana InzhelevskayaAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Freja M SadlerAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Sonya JamesAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Margaret Ashton-KeyCellular Pathology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Mark S CraggAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Stephen A BeersAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Juliet C GrayAntibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital (MP127), Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK. J.C.Gray@soton.ac.uk.
Southampton General Hospital · GBUniversity of Southampton · GBUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK C1477/A10834Cancer Research UK C34999A/A18087Cancer Research UK C8574/A11781
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy offers a potentially less toxic, more tumor-specific treatment for neuroblastoma than conventional cytotoxic therapies. Accurate and reproducible immune competent preclinical models are key to understanding mechanisms of action, interactions with other therapies and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. Here we characterized the tumor and splenic microenvironment of two syngeneic subcutaneous (NXS2 and 9464D), and a spontaneous transgenic (TH-MYCN) murine model of neuroblastoma, comparing histological features and immune infiltrates to previously published data on human neuroblastoma. Histological sections of frozen tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence for immune cell markers and tumor architecture. Tissues were dissociated by enzymatic digestion, stained with panels of antibodies to detect and quantify cancer cells, along with lymphocytic and myeloid infiltration by flow cytometry. Finally, we tested TH-MYCN mice as a feasible model for immunotherapy, using prior treatment with cyclophosphamide to create a therapeutic window of minimal residual disease to favor host immune development. Immune infiltration differed significantly between all the models. TH-MYCN tumors were found to resemble immune infiltration in human tumors more closely than the subcutaneous models, alongside similar GD2 and MHC class I expression. Finally, TH-MYCN transgenic mice were administered cyclophosphamide alone or in combination with an anti-GD2 or anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody, which resulted in increase in survival in both combination therapies. The TH-MYCN transgenic mouse is a promising in vivo model for testing immunotherapy compounds and combination therapy in a preclinical setting.

Indexed as

Mice, TransgenicAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsCell Line, TumorCyclophosphamideDisease Models, AnimalImmunotherapyMiceNeuroblastomaTumor MicroenvironmentAntineoplastic AgentsCyclophosphamide

Identifiers

PMID33028899
PMCPMC7541480
OpenAlexW3092363541

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.