ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2020
Combining IL-2-based immunotherapy with commensal probiotics produces enhanced antitumor immune response and tumor clearance.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiome-nitric oxide axis in cancer immunotherapy: a targeted qualitative systematic review of mechanistic and translational evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The pathobiont role of Akkermansia muciniphila in colorectal cancer: a systematic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Small Incision Reduction and Suture Linked with Functional Appliance of Sufferers with Irrecoverable TMJ Anterior Disc Displacement.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Microbiota as a modulator of drug response: targeting microbial-drug crosstalk in cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Harnessing the gut microbiome for improved immune checkpoint inhibition in colorectal cancer immunotherapy: a narrative Review.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- The Potential Anticancer Mechanisms of Probiotics: A Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Cytokines and Chemokines as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer-Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Glioma: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Modulatory role of Akkermansia muciniphila in cancer pathophysiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota regulation and Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation in right- and left-sided colon cancer heterogeneity - A review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Microbiome and cancer: mechanistic insights, diagnostic potential, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Interleukin in Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Updated Review.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Intratumoral microbiota remodeling of the tumor microenvironment impact solid tumor immunotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Circadian rhythms as a modulator of gut microbiota-tumor microenvironment crosstalk.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Akkermansia muciniphila: a microbial guardian against oxidative stress-gut microbiota crosstalk and clinical prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Research Progress of SBRT Combined With Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.American journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The Biology ofAnnual review of microbiology · 2025Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInterleukin-2 (IL-2) serves as a pioneer of immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. However, there is a considerable proportion of patients who cannot benefit from this therapy due to the limited clinical responses and dose-limiting toxicities. Mounting evidence indicates that commensal microbiota shapes the outcome of cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we aim to investigate the enhancing effect of
methodsColorectal carcinoma patient-derived tumor tissues were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment. AKK was orally delivered to B16F10 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice along with systemic IL-2 treatment. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment. The molecular mechanism of the enhanced therapeutic efficacy was explored by RNA-seq and then verified in tumor-bearing mice.
resultsCombined treatment with IL-2 and AKK showed a stronger antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the therapeutic outcome of IL-2 was significantly potentiated by oral administration of AKK in subcutaneous melanoma and colorectal tumor-bearing mice, resulting from the strengthened antitumor immune surveillance. Mechanistically, the antitumor immune response elicited by AKK was partially mediated by Amuc, derived from the outer membrane protein of AKK, through activating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway. Besides, oral supplementation with AKK protected gut barrier function and maintained mucosal homeostasis under systemic IL-2 treatment.
conclusionThese findings propose that IL-2 combined with AKK is a novel therapeutic strategy with prospecting application for cancer treatment in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.