ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2021
Mendelian randomization provides evidence for a causal effect of higher serum IGF-1 concentration on risk of hip and knee osteoarthritis.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using Mendelian randomization analyses in osteoarthritis: state of art and future perspectives.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Mendelian Randomization Studies of Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis: A PRISMA Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Unravelling the Impact of Diabetes on Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Axis Signalling in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Bone of Knee Joints.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Endocrine‑metabolic imbalance drives osteoarthritis: From whole‑joint pathobiology to precision therapy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Osteoarthritis as a systemic disorder: multi-organ crosstalk in pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Associations between body composition, metabolic mediators and osteoarthritis in cats.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Association of organs-crosstalk with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: cartilage as a key player.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Clinical effect of acupuncture on knee osteoarthritis and its effect on p38 MAPK signaling pathway.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Causal factors for osteoarthritis risk revealed by mendelian randomization analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Review
- Causal Factors for Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- The association between IGF-1 levels and four types of osteoarthritis: a bidirectional and two-step mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- The causal relationship between osteoarthritis and bladder cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Effects and action mechanisms of individual cytokines contained in PRP on osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Review
- Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome Changes in Osteoarthritis: Gene Expression, Pathways and Alternative Splicing.Cartilage · 2023Article
- A Guide for Understanding and Designing Mendelian Randomization Studies in the Musculoskeletal Field.JBMR plus · 2022Review
- Article
- Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in the UK Biobank study.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- The causal association between bone mineral density and risk of osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Potential value of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and S100B for identifying major depressive disorder in knee osteoarthritis patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHow insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is related to OA is not well understood. We determined relationships between IGF-1 and hospital-diagnosed hand, hip and knee OA in UK Biobank, using Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine causality.
methodsSerum IGF-1 was assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. OA was determined using Hospital Episode Statistics. One-sample MR (1SMR) was performed using two-stage least-squares regression, with an unweighted IGF-1 genetic risk score as an instrument. Multivariable MR included BMI as an additional exposure (instrumented by BMI genetic risk score). MR analyses were adjusted for sex, genotyping chip and principal components. We then performed two-sample MR (2SMR) using summary statistics from Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology (CHARGE) (IGF-1, N = 30 884) and the recent genome-wide association study meta-analysis (N = 455 221) of UK Biobank and Arthritis Research UK OA Genetics (arcOGEN).
resultsA total of 332 092 adults in UK Biobank had complete data. Their mean (s.d.) age was 56.5 (8.0) years and 54% were female. IGF-1 was observationally related to a reduced odds of hand OA [odds ratio per doubling = 0.87 (95% CI 0.82, 0.93)], and an increased odds of hip OA [1.04 (1.01, 1.07)], but was unrelated to knee OA [0.99 (0.96, 1.01)]. Using 1SMR, we found strong evidence for an increased risk of hip [odds ratio per s.d. increase = 1.57 (1.21, 2.01)] and knee [1.30 (1.07, 1.58)] OA with increasing IGF-1 concentration. By contrast, we found no evidence for a causal effect of IGF-1 concentration on hand OA [0.98 (0.57, 1.70)]. Results were consistent when estimated using 2SMR and in multivariable MR analyses accounting for BMI.
conclusionWe have found evidence that increased serum IGF-1 is causally related to higher risk of hip and knee OA.
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