ArticlePharmacological reports : PR2021
The immunosuppressive effect of the endocannabinoid system on the inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages and mesenchymal stromal cells: a comparative study.
Article in Pharmacological reports : PR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro assays for investigating the immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Considering the Effects of Cannabinoids and Exercise on the Brain: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of cannabinoid receptor activation onJournal of periodontal & implant science · 2025Article
- Delayed cutaneous wound healing in young and old female mice is associated with differential growth factor release but not inflammatory cytokine secretion.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Identification and validation of genes related to stem cells and telomere maintenance mechanisms as biomarkers for breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Genetic deletion of ITIH5 leads to increased development of adipose tissue in mice.Biological research · 2024Article
- The Impact of the CBMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The effect of cannabinoids on wound healing: A review.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Quantification of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators in Long-Term Cryopreserved and Freeze-Dried Preserved Human Amniotic Membrane.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Distribution of an analgesic palmitoylethanolamide and other N-acylethanolamines in human placental membranes.PloS one · 2023Article
- Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Immune System in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. phytocomplex modulates microglial inflammatory response through CB2 receptors-, endocannabinoids-, and NF-κB-mediated signaling.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe inflammatory sequence is the first phase of wound healing. Macrophages (MPhs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) respond to an inflammatory microenvironment by adapting their functional activity, which polarizes them into the pro-inflammatory phenotypes M1 and MSC1. Prolongation of the inflammatory phase results in the formation of chronic wounds. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) possesses immunomodulatory properties that may impede this cellular phenotypic switch.
methodsWe investigated the immunosuppressive influence of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on the M1 and MSC1 cytokine secretion. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used as inflammagen to stimulate MPhs and MSCs. Both inflammatory phenotypes were co-exposed to AEA or 2-AG, the specific cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist JWH-133 served as reference. The inflammatory responses were detected by CD80/163 immuno-labelling and by ELISA measures of secreted IL-6, IL-8, MIF, TNF-α, TGF-β, and VEGF.
resultsM1 cells were found positive for CD80 expression and secreted less IL-6 and IL-8 than MSC1 cells, while both cell types produced similar amounts of MIF. TNF-α release was increased by M1, and growth factors were secreted by MSC1, only. Cannabinoid receptor ligands efficiently decreased the inflammatory response of M1, while their impact was less pronounced in MSC1.
conclusionsThe ECS down-regulated the inflammatory responses of MPhs and MSCs by decreasing the cytokine release upon LPS treatment, while CB2 appeared to be of particular importance. Hence, stimulating the ECS by manipulation of endo- or use of exogenous cannabinoids in vivo may constitute a potent therapeutic option against inflammatory disorders.
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