ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2021
Autoimmune encephalitis with psychiatric features in adults: historical evolution and prospective challenge.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Encephalitis: Bridging Biological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Factors.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic presentations of autoimmune encephalitis: expanding the spectrum.BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
- Research progress on the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and autoimmune encephalitis: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Behavioral and autonomic manifestations of suspected focal impaired awareness seizures supported by interictal electroencephalographic findings in three dogs: a case series.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- A Case Series of Young People Receiving Adjunctive Immunotherapy for Neuroimmune-Mediated Major Mood or Psychotic Syndromes.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Subjective psychiatric symptoms in post-acute autoimmune encephalitis: findings from the Australian autoimmune encephalitis consortium.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Frequency of autoimmune-associated exogenous psychoses in routine clinical care.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Review
- Psychiatric manifestations of encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Subcortical shape biomarkers reveal limbic and basal ganglia damage in anti-LGI1 encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Emerging Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Psychiatric features in NMDAR and LGI1 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- The role of immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid on the differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis and viral encephalitis in children.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- A Noncanonical CD56dimCD16dim/- NK Cell Subset Indicative of Prior Cytotoxic Activity Is Elevated in Patients with Autoantibody-Mediated Neurologic Diseases.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Validation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis in a severe autoimmune encephalitis cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Catatonia in adult anti-NMDAR encephalitis: an observational cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Observational
- Article
- Antinuclear Antibodies and Thyroid Autoantibodies in the Serum of Chinese Patients with Acute Psychiatric Disorders: A Retrospective Study.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our review aims to delineate the psychiatric spectrum of autoantibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis over time through its discoveries of antibodies. We searched in PubMed for appropriate articles depicting the first appearance and spectrum of psychiatric symptomatology in autoantibody-positive encephalitis for this narrative review. Memory impairment was first associated with autoantibodies against intracellular antigens such as anti-HuD antibodies in 1993. 8 years later, autoantibodies against cell membrane surface antigens such as voltage-gated potassium channels were described in conjunction with memory dysfunction. The spectrum of psychiatric syndromes was amplified between 1990 and 2020 to include disorientation, behavior, cognitive dysfunction, obsessive compulsive behavior and suicidality in encephalitis patients occurring together mainly with antibodies against surface antigens, less so against intracellular antigens. In general, we found no specific psychiatric symptoms underlying specific autoantibody-associated encephalitis. As fundamental data on this issue have not been systemically assessed to date, we cannot know whether our specific findings would remain from systematic studies, i.e., on the association between cerebrospinal fluid N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in catatonia. The psychiatric symptomatology overlaps between psychiatric domains and occurs frequently in antibody-positive encephalitis. No specific psychiatric symptoms imply an underlying, specifically autoantibody-associated encephalitis. The psychiatric phenotypology associated with antibody-positive encephalitis has evolved tremendously recently, and this new evidence reveals its relevance for future diagnostic and treatment aspects of autoimmune encephalitis patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33026492PMC7815593W3092110500What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.