Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2021
The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of exercise interventions on weight regain after weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effects of different macronutrient compositions for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Protein intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline for protein intake of the German Nutrition Society.European journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Association between characteristics of behavioural weight loss programmes and weight change after programme end: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- Novel OGTT metrics do not provide incremental predictive value beyond conventional glycemic criteria for remission of prediabetes in individuals with impaired fasting glucose: results from the PREVIEW trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Trial
- Long-term effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate quality on prediabetes remission: results from the PREVIEW randomised multinational diabetes prevention trial.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Associations of obesity phenotypes with weight change, cardiometabolic benefits, and type 2 diabetes incidence during a lifestyle intervention: results from the PREVIEW study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Trial
- Socio-economic factors, mood, primary care utilization, and quality of life as predictors of intervention cessation and chronic stress in a type 2 diabetes prevention intervention (PREVIEW Study).BMC public health · 2023Trial
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- Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Gut microbiota predicts body fat change following a low-energy diet: a PREVIEW intervention study.Genome medicine · 2022Trial
- Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Preventive Care Program during the Compound Humanitarian Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic in Venezuela.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention.Nutrients · 2022Trial
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- Trial
- The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Trial
- Cardiometabolic trade-offs of carbohydrate- and fat-focused diets: a network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Exploring the Needs and Perspectives of Patients with Obesity to Inform Health Care Practice: A Focus Group Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- About Unsuccessful Responders to Diet and Physical Activity Interventions: A Focus on Energy Balance and Body-Weight Loss.Nutrients · 2026Review
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors at 14 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo compare the impact of two long-term weight-maintenance diets, a high protein (HP) and low glycaemic index (GI) diet versus a moderate protein (MP) and moderate GI diet, combined with either high intensity (HI) or moderate intensity physical activity (PA), on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after rapid weight loss. MATERIALS AND
methodsA 3-year multicentre randomized trial in eight countries using a 2 x 2 diet-by-PA factorial design was conducted. Eight-week weight reduction was followed by a 3-year randomized weight-maintenance phase. In total, 2326 adults (age 25-70 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m
resultsThe total number of T2D cases was 62 and the cumulative incidence rate was 3.1%, with no significant differences between the two diets, PA or their combination. T2D incidence was similar across intervention centres, irrespective of attrition. Significantly fewer participants achieved normoglycaemia in the HP compared with the MP group (P < .0001). At 3 years, normoglycaemia was lowest in HP-HI (11.9%) compared with the other three groups (20.0%-21.0%, P < .05). There were no group differences in body weight change (-11% after 8-week weight reduction; -5% after 3-year weight maintenance) or in other secondary outcomes.
conclusionsThree-year incidence of T2D was much lower than predicted and did not differ between diets, PA or their combination. Maintaining the target intakes of protein and GI over 3 years was difficult, but the overall protocol combining weight loss, healthy eating and PA was successful in markedly reducing the risk of T2D. This is an important clinically relevant outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.