ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2021
US population norms for the EQ-5D-5L and comparison of norms from face-to-face and online samples.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- EQ-5D outcomes in adults with autoimmune hepatitis: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Health state utility values in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluating health-related quality of life in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D-based studies.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of an early restrictive versus liberal fluid strategy on long-term patient-centered outcomes in sepsis-induced hypotension: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Trial
- Health-related quality of life in immunocompromised adults with mild-moderate COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir: results from the randomized, double-blinded EPIC-IC trial.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Trial
- An economic analysis of Native CHOICES.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Bempedoic Acid in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Statin Intolerance: An Analysis of the CLEAR Outcomes Trial.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026Trial
- Long-term efficacy of 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation in managing painful diabetic neuropathy: A post-study survey.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Trial
- Trial
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- Impact of Upadacitinib Induction and Maintenance Therapy on Health-related Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Work Productivity in Patients with Moderately-to-severely Active Crohn's Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024Trial
- Daytime symptom trajectories among adults with stable heart failure and insomnia: evidence from a randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia.Journal of sleep research · 2024Trial
- Open-label extension of a randomized trial investigating safety and efficacy of rhPTH(1-84) in hypoparathyroidism.JBMR plus · 2024Trial
- Health-related quality of life and medication use among individuals with Angelman syndrome.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Measuring dose-related efficacy of eptinezumab for migraine prevention: post hoc analysis of PROMISE-1 and PROMISE-2.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Contemporary Trigger Finger Treatment Strategies: A Medicare Payer Perspective.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2027Article
- Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States.Viruses · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of iron deficiency screening in pregnancy across ferritin-based thresholds.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Impacts of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), Beyond the Signs and Symptoms: Results from the ElevaTED Patient Survey.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Journey of Adult Patients with Lyme Disease in the United States: A Qualitative Interview Study and Patient-Reported, Health-Related Quality-of-Life Assessment.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeNormative scores (norms) allow for comparisons between population(s) of interest and the general population, which is useful for burden of disease studies and cost-effectiveness analysis. The primary aim of this study was to estimate US visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) and utility-based norms for the EQ-5D-5L using the face-to-face sample. The secondary aim was to compare norms estimated in the face-to-face and online populations.
methodsThis study estimated population norms from two general population surveys: (a) face-to-face and (b) online. In these surveys, respondents provided their health state using the EQ-5D-5L health classifier and the EQ VAS. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval, and median for the 5L utility and EQ VAS were estimated for each sample and across relevant respondent characteristics to serve as the basis for US EQ-5D-5L norms
resultsFace-to-face sample respondents (n = 1134) were representative of the US adult general population. In this sample, mean (SD) utility decreased with increasing age until age 45 or greater (age 45-54: 0.816 (0.249) age 55-64: 0.815 (0.243) age 65-74: 0.824 (0.217) age 75 + : 0.811 (0.218)). With increasing age, more problems were reported on all dimensions except anxiety/depression; a smaller proportion of respondents age 65 and older reported problems with anxiety/depression (23.8%) as compared to the youngest respondents (42.1%). Online (n = 2018) mean utility and EQ VAS values were consistently lower than the face-to-face sample.
conclusionsThe availability of US EQ-5D-5L norms facilitates interpretation and understanding of general population and patient health.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.