Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33025317›Full record

ReviewAnnals of biomedical engineering2021

Techniques for In Vivo Measurement of Ligament and Tendon Strain: A Review.

Qiang Zhang, Naomi C Adam, S H Hosseini Nasab, William R Taylor, Colin R Smith

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rapid personalized computational modeling of the wrist.Medical engineering & physics · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Mechanical Contribution of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament to Ankle Stability: 3D Anatomical Finite Element Analysis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. A framework for quantifying the mechanics of dexterous grasp.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Qiang ZhangInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
Naomi C AdamInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
S H Hosseini NasabInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
William R TaylorInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland. bt@ethz.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-4098
Colin R SmithInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
ETH Zurich · CH

Funding

Robert Mathys Foundation E17_0006Swiss Research Foundation 182241
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The critical clinical and scientific insights achieved through knowledge of in vivo musculoskeletal soft tissue strains has motivated the development of relevant measurement techniques. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key findings, limitations, and clinical impacts of these techniques to quantify musculoskeletal soft tissue strains during dynamic movements. Current technologies generally leverage three techniques to quantify in vivo strain patterns, including implantable strain sensors, virtual fibre elongation, and ultrasound. (1) Implantable strain sensors enable direct measurements of tissue strains with high accuracy and minimal artefact, but are highly invasive and current designs are not clinically viable. (2) The virtual fibre elongation method tracks the relative displacement of tissue attachments to measure strains in both deep and superficial tissues. However, the associated imaging techniques often require exposure to radiation, limit the activities that can be performed, and only quantify bone-to-bone tissue strains. (3) Ultrasound methods enable safe and non-invasive imaging of soft tissue deformation. However, ultrasound can only image superficial tissues, and measurements are confounded by out-of-plane tissue motion. Finally, all in vivo strain measurement methods are limited in their ability to establish the slack length of musculoskeletal soft tissue structures. Despite the many challenges and limitations of these measurement techniques, knowledge of in vivo soft tissue strain has led to improved clinical treatments for many musculoskeletal pathologies including anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Achilles tendon repair, and total knee replacement. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of these measurement techniques and identifies the key features of in vivo strain measurement that can facilitate innovative personalized sports medicine treatment.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansLigamentsTendon InjuriesTendonsUltrasonographyBiosensorsDynamic imagingIn vivo measurementLigament strainsLoading conditionsSoft tissue functionStretchable sensorsTendon strains

Identifiers

PMID33025317
PMCPMC7773624
OpenAlexW3092520886

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.