ArticlePediatric cardiology2021
Racial Disparities in Hospital Mortality Among Pediatric Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Patients.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social Determinants of Disparities in Mortality Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pediatric viral myocarditis: mechanisms, experimental models, and research gaps.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Disparities in Genetic Testing for Inborn Errors of Immunity.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Article
- Statistical Methods to Examine Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Surgical Literature: A Review and Recommendations for Improvement.Annals of surgery · 2024Review
- Addressing Disparities in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: A Call for Equitable Health Care.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- Understanding Myocarditis: From an Early Sketch Toward a More Complete Picture.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Association Between Race/Ethnicity and Severity of Illness in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis.Pediatric cardiology · 2023Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in socio-economic status, access to care, and healthcare utilisation among children with heart conditions, National Survey of Children's Health 2016-2019.Cardiology in the young · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Variation in ECMO Utilization and Outcomes in Pediatric Cardiac ICU Patients.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Palliative Care Across the Life Span for Children With Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2023Review
- Factors affecting rates of neurodevelopmental follow-up in infants with congenital heart disease.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2022Article
- Adverse Maternal Fetal Environment Partially Mediates Disparate Outcomes in Non-White Neonates with Major Congenital Heart Disease.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Mortality During Readmission Among Children in United States Children's Hospitals.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Social Inequalities in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Ethical Considerations in Ever-Expanding Utilization of ECLS: A Research Agenda.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Racially disparate health outcomes exist for a multitude of populations and illnesses. It is unknown how race and ethnicity impact mortality for children with cardiomyopathy or myocarditis. This retrospective cross-sectional study employed the Kids' Inpatient Database to analyze 34,617 hospital admissions for patients ≤ 18 years old with cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, or both, without concomitant congenital heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression models investigated the impact of race/ethnicity on in-hospital mortality adjusting for age, calendar year, sex, insurance type, diagnostic category, treatment at a pediatric hospital, and non-cardiac organ dysfunction. African American race and Hispanic ethnicity were independent risk factors for mortality (African American: odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.53 and Hispanic: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.60). African American race was also found to be significantly associated with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), mortality while on ECMO, and cardiac arrest. Adjusting the regression model for ECMO and arrest attenuated the impact of African American race on mortality, suggesting that these variables may indeed play a role in explaining the impact of race on mortality for African American patients with myocardial disease. Hispanic ethnicity remained associated with higher risk of mortality despite controlling for all mechanical circulatory support and transplant (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.63). Children of racial and ethnic minorities hospitalized with cardiomyopathy or myocarditis are more likely to die than their white counterparts, a trend that may be due at least in part to in-hospital differences in care or response to therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.