Trial reportAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
Randomized Trial Evaluation of the Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Among Women 50-59 Years of Age.
Trial report in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Randomized trials of estrogen-alone and breast cancer incidence: a meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic differences in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluating a Mobile Digital Therapeutic for Vasomotor and Behavioral Health Symptoms Among Women in Midlife: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Menopause as a Window of Opportunity: How Far Can Hormone Therapy Take Prevention?Journal of menopausal medicine · 2026Article
- Management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- The effects of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognition and depression in younger women: A systematic review.JRSM open · 2026Review
- Then and Now: What We Have Learned From the WHI.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Progestins - a review of clinical application in gynecology.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Survival Analysis of Secondary Primary Lung Cancer After Breast Cancer Patients: Insights From a Retrospective Single-Center Study of Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Indicators.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- The impact of hormonal fluctuations and the efficacy of targeted hormonal interventions in improving macular hole outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Contemporary menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: Swedish nationwide register based emulated target trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- The risk of endocrine interventions in carriers of a genetic predisposition for breast and gynecologic cancers: recommendations of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- The 100 top-cited articles in menopausal syndrome: a bibliometric analysis.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Summary of the 2023 Thai Menopause Society Clinical Practice Guideline on Menopausal Hormone Therapy.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2024Review
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Article
- The Menopausal Transition: Is the Hair Follicle "Going through Menopause"?Biomedicines · 2023Article
- [Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease : Joint guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ÖGKM), the Austrian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ÖGPMR) and the Austrian Society of Nephrology (ÖGN)].Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The health benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy among women aged 50-59 years are examined in the Women's Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled trials using long-term follow-up data and a parsimonious statistical model that leverages data from older participants to increase precision. These trials enrolled 27,347 healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years at 40 US clinical centers during 1993-1998, including 10,739 post-hysterectomy participants in a trial of conjugated equine estrogens and 16,608 participants with a uterus in the trial of these estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate. Over a (median) 18-year follow-up period (1993-2016), risk for a global index (defined as the earliest of coronary heart disease, invasive breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, hip fracture, and all-cause mortality) was reduced with conjugated equine estrogens with a hazard ratio of 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.95), and with nominally significant reductions for coronary heart disease, breast cancer, hip fracture, and all-cause mortality. Corresponding global index hazard ratio estimates of 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.19) were nonsignificant for combined estrogens plus progestin, but increased breast cancer risk and reduced endometrial cancer risk were observed. These results, among women 50-59 years of age, substantially agree with the worldwide observational literature, with the exception of breast cancer for estrogens alone.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.