ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2020
The Psychonauts' World of Cognitive Enhancers.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Synthetic Opioids (NSOs) and Their Evolving Crisis: Utilising NPSPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Focus on Cognitive Enhancement: A Narrative Overview of Nootropics and "Smart Drug" Use and Misuse.Biology · 2025Review
- Exploring Cognitive Enhancers: from neurotherapeutics to ethical and regulatory challenges: a mini review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024.F1000Research · 2025Article
- Investigating cognitive-enhancing supplement use among students at a Dutch life science university.PloS one · 2025Article
- Adapting Ourselves, Instead of the Environment: An Inquiry into Human Enhancement for Function and Beyond.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2024Article
- Do Medical Universities Students Use Cognitive Enhancers while Learning?-Conclusions from the Study in Poland.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Social, psychological, and substance use characteristics of U.S. adults who use kratom: Initial findings from an online, crowdsourced study.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Edible Bird's Nest as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- A Proteomic View of Cellular and Molecular Effects of Cannabis.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- When an obscurity becomes trend: social-media descriptions of tianeptine use and associated atypical drug use.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2021Article
- The Use and Impact of Cognitive Enhancers among University Students: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Effects of Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drugs on Personality Traits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: Current Aspects of Categorization, Epidemiology, Pharmacology, Drug Development, Ethics, and Future Perspectives.Neural plasticity · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing availability of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), including cognitive enhancers (CEs) which can be used in the treatment of certain mental health disorders. While treating cognitive deficit symptoms in neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders using CEs might have significant benefits for patients, the increasing recreational use of these substances by healthy individuals raises many clinical, medico-legal, and ethical issues. Moreover, it has become very challenging for clinicians to keep up-to-date with CEs currently available as comprehensive official lists do not exist.
methodsUsing a web crawler (NPSfinder
resultsA total of 142 unique CEs were identified by NPSfinder
conclusionsThese results show that NPSfinder
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.