ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2021
Household insecticide use and urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels in an elder population: a repeated measures data.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Joint Association of Household Pesticide Exposure With Depression in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Negative Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Application to Paraben Analysis in Cosmetics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterizing pyrethroid and fipronil concentrations in biosolids.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- The Preventive Effects of Salubrinal against Pyrethroid-Induced Disruption of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPyrethroids are associated with adverse health consequences, even at low-dose exposures. However, there is limited evidence on pyrethroids exposure levels among vulnerable elder population and on their exposure sources.
objectiveWe tried to determine pyrethroids exposure levels among Korean elders and their exposure sources.
methodsWe measured levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a pyrethroids metabolite, in urines repeatedly collected from 1239 Korean rural and urban elders; we also explored exposure sources for pyrethroids using questionnaire data.
resultsOur participants had high levels of 3-PBA with 446 (36.0%) of elders with 3-PBA level over 2 ng/mL of 95th percentile of the German representative populations. After adjustment for sex, age, smoking status, visit episode, and surveyed season using linear mixed effect models, household insecticide spray use was significantly associated with 3-PBA level (β = 0.03 and p = 0.02) and the association was apparent only for females (β = 0.03 and p = 0.03). In the analyses for nonlinear relationships using generalized additive mixed models, there was a J-shape change in 3-PBA level by insecticide spray use (p < 0.01 both in total population and in females). SIGNIFICANCE: Household insecticide spray was a predominant exposure source for pyrethroids at community level among Korean elders, warning more stringent control for frequently exposed environmental factors for pyrethroids including insecticide spray.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.