ArticleBMC ophthalmology2020
Assessment of tear film lipid layer thickness in patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02481167 (Evaluation of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Chinese Old Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Chinese Old Patients
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Dry Eye Disease Examination Techniques.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Corneal endothelial layer changes in the meibomian gland dysfunction cases in comparison to healthy controls: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Impact of definition of meibomian gland dysfunction on the frequency of MGD in dry eye disease from the DREAM© study.Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association · 2025Article
- The Effects of Age on the Human Tear Film Assessed with a Novel Imaging Device.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- New Insights into the Role of Cellular Senescence and Its Therapeutic Implications in Ocular Diseases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- New advances in medical management of dry eye: optimizing treatment strategies for enhanced relief.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Dry Eye Disease in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A Position Paper on the Current State and Unmet Needs.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Characteristics of the Ocular Surface in Myopic Child Candidates of Orthokeratology Lens Wear.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Differential characteristics among asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction and those with dry eye.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Differential response to topical lubrication in patient with dry eye disease, based on age.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Altered Ocular Surface Health Status and Tear Film Immune Profile Due to Prolonged Daily Mask Wear in Health Care Workers.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Dermatochalasis Aggravates Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Related Dry Eyes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Ocular Surface and Meibomian Gland in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Orthokeratology Lens Wear for 2 Years in Children Did Not Alter Tear Film Lipid Thickness by Non-Invasive Interferometry.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Dry eye disease and tear film assessment through a novel non-invasive ocular surface analyzer: The OSA protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the correlations between lipid layer thickness (LLT) and morphology and function of the meibomian glands in patients who were diagnosed as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in different age groups.
methodsPatients who have diagnosed as obstructive MGD were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into three groups: young (ages 20-39 years), middle-aged (ages 40-59 years), and older (aged ≥60 years). All patients completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and were evaluated for LLT, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT) measurement, invasive TBUT (ITBUT), corneal fluoresceinstaining (CFS) score, eyelid margin abnormalities, Schirmer I test, and MG function and morphology, by using the Keratograph 5 and LipiView interferometer.
resultsTwo hundred and nine patients (209 eyes) were included. The median LLT of all patient was 57 nm (IQR, 36.5 nm), and the LLT values were significantly different among the young group (median, 51 nm; IQR, 23.5 nm), middle-aged group (median, 59.5 nm; IQR 46.5 nm) and older group (median, 62 nm; IQR, 42.5 nm) (P = 0.033, Kruskal-Wallis test). In regression analyses controlling for confounder factors sex and MG loss, the LLT was positively correlated with age (β = 5.539, P = 0.001). There was a negative correlation between LLT and MG dropout in the all (r = - 0.527, P < 0.001), young (r = - 0.536, P < 0.001), middle-aged (r = - 0.576, P < 0.001), and older (r = - 0.501, P < 0.001) groups. LLT was positively correlated with the MG expressibility in the all (r = 0.202, P = 0.003), middle-aged (r = 0.280, P = 0.044) and older (r = 0.452, p < 0.001) groups, but it was no statistical significance in the young group (r = 0.007, P = 0.949).
conclusionsThe thickness of LLT was increased with age and significantly correlated with both MG secretion and morphology in middle-aged and older patients with obstructive MGD. LLT measurement is a useful screening tool for detecting obstructive MGD and age as an influential factor should be accounted for when interpreting the meaning of the LLT value.
trial registrationNCT02481167 ; Registered 25 June, 2015.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.