ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2021
Incomplete response to Anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular AMD: Exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 219 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Liquid biopsy proteomics in ophthalmology : A clinical and scientific perspective].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Combined with Dexamethasone Implant Therapy for Macular Edema: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Two-year outcomes of episcleral brachytherapy adjunct to anti-VEGF therapy for treatment-resistant nAMD.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Trial
- Novel semi-automated system for multi-dimensional analysis of macular neovascularization: quantitative biomarkers and rule-based morphological categorization across OCTA platforms.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Intraocular delivery of crystalline sorafenib provides sustained, potent inhibition of wet age-related macular degeneration.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- From Trials to Treatment: Current Evidence Supporting Faricimab Use in nAMD and DME.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Real-World Outcomes of Faricimab in Patients with Highly Refractory Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Portugal: The REVEAL Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Early anatomical rescue after switching to aflibercept 8 mg in faricimab-refractory neovascular AMD.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Predictors of 1-year fibrosis in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the role of baseline OCTA-derived MNV vessel density.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Mononuclear phagocyte-specific cGAS/STING targeting suppresses experimental choroidal neovascularization.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Inflammatory Activation, Choroidal Neovascularization, and Lesion-Associated Remodeling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Comparative outcomes of aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab in neovascular AMD refractory to aflibercept 2 mg.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Baseline Biomarkers Associated with Early Anatomical Response After Faricimab Loading Therapy in Treatment-Naïve Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Induction of Oxidative Stress on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Triggered a Proangiogenic Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Real-World Faricimab for Treatment-Naïve Neovascular AMD and Diabetic Macular Edema: 24-Month Outcomes from a Single-Center Pilot Cohort in South-Eastern Europe.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Tetrahedral DNA nano-PROTACs enable enhanced ocular penetration and efficient nucleolin degradation for choroidal neovascularization therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Real-world outcomes after switching to faricimab in previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration: longitudinal outcomes up to 24 months.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Real-World Outcomes of Switching to Aflibercept 8 mg in Previously Treated Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Intranasally delivered fucoidan nanozyme-decorated photosyntheticMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- MMP9 Genotype and Systemic T-Cell Subsets Correlate With Structural and Functional Outcomes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have revolutionized the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). However, many patients suffer from incomplete response to anti-VEGF therapy (IRT), which is defined as (1) persistent (plasma) fluid exudation; (2) unresolved or new hemorrhage; (3) progressive lesion fibrosis; and/or (4) suboptimal vision recovery. The first three of these collectively comprise the problem of persistent disease activity (PDA) in spite of anti-VEGF therapy. Meanwhile, the problem of suboptimal vision recovery (SVR) is defined as a failure to achieve excellent functional visual acuity of 20/40 or better in spite of sufficient anti-VEGF treatment. Thus, incomplete response to anti-VEGF therapy, and specifically PDA and SVR, represent significant clinical unmet needs. In this review, we will explore PDA and SVR in NVAMD, characterizing the clinical manifestations and exploring the pathobiology of each. We will demonstrate that PDA occurs most frequently in NVAMD patients who develop high-flow CNV lesions with arteriolarization, in contrast to patients with capillary CNV who are highly responsive to anti-VEGF therapy. We will review investigations of experimental CNV and demonstrate that both types of CNV can be modeled in mice. We will present and consider a provocative hypothesis: formation of arteriolar CNV occurs via a distinct pathobiology, termed neovascular remodeling (NVR), wherein blood-derived macrophages infiltrate the incipient CNV lesion, recruit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) from the circulation, and activate MPCs to become vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and myofibroblasts, driving the development of high-flow CNV with arteriolarization and perivascular fibrosis. In considering SVR, we will discuss the concept that limited or poor vision in spite of anti-VEGF may not be caused simply by photoreceptor degeneration but instead may be associated with photoreceptor synaptic dysfunction in the neurosensory retina overlying CNV, triggered by infiltrating blood-derived macrophages and mediated by Müller cell activation Finally, for each of PDA and SVR, we will discuss current approaches to disease management and treatment and consider novel avenues for potential future therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.