ReviewClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2020
Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder risk: autonomic control and inflammation.
Review in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex- and Diabetes-Dependent Perioperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Trajectories Identify Distinct Hepatorenal Stress Phenotypes After Surgical Coronary Revascularization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Recovery as Predictors of Performance in Athletes Competing in Sprint Events.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The PTSD-Bone Axis: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Management.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Tracking conditioned fear in pair-housed mice using deep learning and real-time cue delivery.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder negatively impacts cardiac homeostasis.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2025Article
- Examining the relationship between biomarkers of immune aging and prevalent physical disability in the health and retirement study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological pathways of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to traumatic brain injury: An observational cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder among displaced families in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Fear conditioning and extinction distinctively alter bidirectional synaptic plasticity within the amygdala of an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Higher arterial stiffness and blunted vagal control of the heart in young women with compared to without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Article
- Inflammation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Dysregulation or Recalibration?Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in Black Veterans with PTSD: women versus men have higher sympathetic activity, inflammation, and blunted cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2023Article
- The link between post-traumatic stress disorder and systemic lupus erythematosus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Review
- Understanding the relationships between physiological and psychosocial stress, cortisol and cognition.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- PTSD, Immune System, and Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Autonomic regulation during sleep in PTSD.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Involvement of the brain-heart axis in the link between PTSD and cardiovascular disease.Depression and anxiety · 2022Review
- The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Review
- A gripping topic: using integrated signal and individual action potential muscle sympathetic nerve analysis to understand mechanisms of blood pressure regulation during exercise in women with PTSD.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimOver 7 million U.S. adults and about 20% of the military population have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a debilitating condition that is independently linked to a significantly greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Women have twice the probability of developing PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event compared to men. Existing literatures have reported higher inflammation and autonomic dysfunction including impaired baroreflex sensitivity, increased sympathetic reactivity and decreased parasympathetic activity in PTSD. However, most of these findings stem from studies conducted predominantly in males.
methodsWe attempt in this narrative review to summarize the mixed literature available on sex differences in autonomic dysfunction and inflammation in PTSD, at rest and in response to stress in PTSD.
resultsThis review reveals that there is a paucity of research exploring autonomic function in females with PTSD. Recent studies have included female participants without probing for sex differences. A small number of studies have been conducted exclusively in women. Available data suggest that sympathetic nervous system output tends to be heightened, while parasympathetic activity and arterial baroreflex sensitivity appear more blunted in females with PTSD. Although few studies have investigated sex differences in inflammation in PTSD, data within females suggest chronic increases in inflammation with PTSD. This autonomic dysregulation and inflammation have also been described in males with PTSD.
conclusionIn sum, given the inherent biological differences in CVD clinical presentation and characteristics between men and women, human and animal studies aiming at elucidating sex differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.