ReviewPain and therapy2020
The Physiology and Maintenance of Respiration: A Narrative Review.
Review in Pain and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of TPA023B, an α2/3/5GABAPsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Understanding neuro-pulmonary dysfunction in children with neurodisability.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome induced by dexmedetomidine in a patient with long-term sedatives: A case report.Medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of risk factors for heavy clinical burden in electrical workers of highlands: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer: molecular underpinnings and clinical translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The Exchange Breathing Method for Seizure Intervention: A Historical and Scientific Review of Epilepsy and Its Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Chronic sustained hypoxia alters the pattern of diaphragm electrical activity in anaesthetized rats.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Our Experience of Managing Central Airway Tumors: Anesthesia Perspectives.Annals of cardiac anaesthesia · 2025Article
- In vivo pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and brain concentration comparison of fentanyl and para-fluorofentanyl in rats.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Real-World Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray: A Comprehensive Analysis of Esketamine and Respiratory Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Respiratory Depression Associated with Opioids: A Narrative Review.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Management of central sleep apnoea: a review of non-hypercapnic causes.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2024Review
- Respiratory Effects of Benzodiazepine in Patients with Advanced-Stage Cancer Receiving Opioid Analgesics: A Prospective Observational Study.Palliative medicine reports · 2024Article
- Anesthetic and Airway Management in a Pediatric Patient with Morquio Syndrome: A Case Report.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
- Detection of respiratory frequency rhythm in human alpha phase shifts: topographic distributions in wake and drowsy states.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Erythrocytic metabolism of ATLX-0199: An agent that increases minute ventilation.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2023Article
- Long-term use of benzodiazepines in chronic insomnia: a European perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- [The challenges of managing thoracic pain in cystic fibrosis (CF)].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Pain and acupuncture: What is it in me that hurts?Integrative medicine research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons adults seek medical care and is often managed with opioid analgesics; however, opioids may cause respiratory depression by suppressing various components of respiration. Respiration is the physiological process that facilitates gas exchange and is mediated through the proper function of and communication among central neural control (respiratory drive), sensory input systems, the lungs, and the muscles involved in respiration. Normal respiratory function can be dampened with the use of central nervous system (CNS) depressants and/or underlying health conditions. Patients with chronic pain are often exposed to CNS depressants other than opioids, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics, and ethanol, which can function synergistically with opioids to increase the risk of respiratory depression. Some patients may also have underlying health issues, such as obstructive sleep apnea, that can be exacerbated with the use of opioids and other CNS depressants and further contribute to respiratory depression. Clinicians should have a thorough understanding of respiration, recognize how various CNS depressants suppress it, and take necessary steps to mitigate the risk of opioid-induced respiratory depression by collaborating with a multidisciplinary team (i.e., sleep and pain specialists), choosing appropriate medications, and educating patients on the proper use and storage of opioids.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.